de Ruiter Ingrid, Olmedo-Requena Rocío, Sánchez-Cruz José-Juan, Jiménez-Moleón José-Juan
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sleep Med. 2016 May;21:145-50. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.12.021. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Historical decreases in sleep duration in children have been documented worldwide; however, there is sparse information on sleep duration in differing cultural regions. We assess sleep duration and its trends for children in Spain from 1987 to 2011 and associated sociodemographic characteristics.
Data from eight Spanish National Health Surveys, from 1987 to 2011, were collected on parent-reported sleep duration and associated socio-demographic characteristics including age, sex, parental level of education, child body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. A total of 24,867 children aged 2-14 years were included in the final sample.
Overall, short sleep duration increased to 44.7% from 29.8% in 1987. Decreasing sleep duration trends were found in all demographic groups, decreasing by around 20 minutes in 24 hours from 1987 to 2011; decreasing to 10 hours 16 minutes in 2- to 5-year olds, 9 hours 31 minutes in 6- to 9-year-olds, and 8 hours 52 minutes in 10- to 14-year-olds. No difference in sleep duration was found between girls and boys. Sleep duration was associated with year of survey, age, level of parental education, obesity, and exercise.
Almost 45% of children in Spain are not sleeping the recommended amount. Regional differences in sleep attitudes and duration alongside a lack of consistency in cut-offs for age-appropriate ideal sleep in literature is a barrier for international comparison and highlights the need for research in physiological sleep requirements. With the association of short sleep duration with many different health outcomes, sleep should be considered as a modifiable lifestyle factor and a public health issue.
全球范围内已有关于儿童睡眠时间呈历史性下降的记录；然而，不同文化区域的睡眠时间信息却很匮乏。我们评估了1987年至2011年西班牙儿童的睡眠时间及其趋势，以及相关的社会人口学特征。
收集了1987年至2011年八次西班牙全国健康调查的数据，内容包括家长报告的睡眠时间以及相关的社会人口学特征，如年龄、性别、父母教育水平、儿童体重指数（BMI）和体育活动情况。最终样本纳入了24,867名2至14岁的儿童。
总体而言，睡眠时间短的儿童比例从1987年的29.8%增至44.7%。所有人口群体的睡眠时间均呈下降趋势，从1987年到2011年24小时内减少了约20分钟；2至5岁儿童的睡眠时间降至10小时16分钟，6至9岁儿童降至9小时31分钟，10至14岁儿童降至8小时52分钟。未发现女孩和男孩在睡眠时间上存在差异。睡眠时间与调查年份、年龄、父母教育水平、肥胖和运动有关。
西班牙近45%的儿童睡眠时间未达到建议时长。睡眠态度和时长的区域差异以及文献中关于适合各年龄段理想睡眠时长的标准缺乏一致性，这成为国际比较的障碍，并凸显了对生理睡眠需求进行研究的必要性。鉴于睡眠时间短与多种不同健康结果相关，睡眠应被视为一个可改变的生活方式因素和一个公共卫生问题。
