Aboukhalid Kaoutar, Lamiri Abdeslam, Agacka-Mołdoch Monika, Doroszewska Teresa, Douaik Ahmed, Bakha Mohamed, Casanova Joseph, Tomi Félix, Machon Nathalie, Faiz Chaouki Al
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, INRA, CRRA-Rabat, PB 6570, 10101, Rabat, Morocco.
Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco.
Chem Biodivers. 2016 Sep;13(9):1126-1139. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201500511. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
Origanum compactum L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most important medicinal species in term of ethnobotany in Morocco. It is considered as a very threatened species as it is heavily exploited. Its domestication remains the most efficient way to safeguard it for future generations. For this purpose, wide evaluation of the existing variability in all over the Moroccan territory is required. The essential oils of 527 individual plants belonging to 88 populations collected from the whole distribution area of the species in Morocco were analyzed by GC/MS. The dominant constituents were carvacrol (0 - 96.3%), thymol (0 - 80.7%), p-cymene (0.2 - 58.6%), γ-terpinene (0 - 35.2%), carvacryl methyl ether (0 - 36.2%), and α-terpineol (0 - 25.8%). While in the Middle Atlas region and the Central Morocco mainly carvacrol type samples were found, much higher chemotypic diversity was encountered within samples from the north part of Morocco (occidental and central Rif regions). The high chemical polymorphism of plants offers a wide range for selection of valuable chemotypes, as a part of breeding and domestication programs of this threatened species.
密花牛至（牛至属，唇形科）是摩洛哥民族植物学中最重要的药用植物之一。由于过度开发，它被视为一种极度濒危的物种。对其进行驯化仍然是为子孙后代保护该物种的最有效方式。为此，需要对摩洛哥全境现有的变异性进行广泛评估。采用气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）分析了从摩洛哥该物种整个分布区域采集的88个种群的527株单株植物的精油。主要成分包括香芹酚（0 - 96.3%）、百里香酚（0 - 80.7%）、对伞花烃（0.2 - 58.6%）、γ-萜品烯（0 - 35.2%）、香芹酚甲醚（0 - 36.2%）和α-松油醇（0 - 25.8%）。在中阿特拉斯地区和摩洛哥中部，主要发现的是香芹酚型样本，而在摩洛哥北部（西部和中部里夫地区）的样本中，化学型多样性要高得多。植物的这种高化学多态性为选择有价值的化学型提供了广阔空间，这是该濒危物种育种和驯化计划的一部分。
