School of Resources & Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, China.
School of Energy & Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Nov 15;571:1155-63. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.115. Epub 2016 Jul 21.
The atmospheric pollution created by coal-dominated industrial cities in China cannot be neglected. This study focuses on the atmospheric PM10 in the typical industrial city of Pingdingshan City in North China. A total of 44 PM10 samples were collected from three different sites (power plant, mining area, and roadside) in Pingdingshan City during the winter of 2013, and were analyzed gravimetrically and chemically. The Pingdingshan PM10 samples were composed of mineral matter (average of 118.0±58.6μg/m(3), 20.6% of the total PM10 concentration), secondary crystalline particles (338.7±122.0μg/m(3), 59.2%), organic matter (77.3±48.5μg/m(3), 13.5%), and elemental carbon (38.0±28.3μg/m(3), 6.6%). Different sources had different proportions of these components in PM10. The power plant pollutant source was characterized by secondary crystalline particles (377.1μg/m(3)), elemental carbon (51.5μg/m(3)), and organic matter (90.6μg/m(3)) due to coal combustion. The mining area pollutant source was characterized by mineral matter (124.0μg/m(3)) due to weathering of waste dumps. The roadside pollutant source was characterized by mineral matter (130.0μg/m(3)) and organic matter (81.0μg/m(3)) due to road dust and vehicle exhaust, respectively. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was performed for PM10 source apportionment to identify major anthropogenic sources of PM10 in Pingdingshan. Six factors-crustal matter, coal combustion, vehicle exhaust and abrasion, local burning, weathering of waste dumps, and industrial metal smelting-were identified and their contributions to Pingdingshan PM10 were 19.0%, 31.6%, 7.4%, 6.3%, 9.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. Compared to other major cities in China, the source of PM10 in Pingdingshan was characterized by coal combustion, weathering of waste dumps, and industrial metal smelting.
中国以煤炭为主导的工业城市所造成的大气污染不容忽视。本研究聚焦于中国华北典型工业城市——平顶山市的大气 PM10。于 2013 年冬季，在平顶山市三个不同地点（电厂、矿区和路边）共采集了 44 个 PM10 样本，通过重量法和化学分析法进行分析。平顶山市的 PM10 样本由矿物质（平均 118.0±58.6μg/m3，占 PM10 总浓度的 20.6%）、二次结晶颗粒（338.7±122.0μg/m3，59.2%）、有机物（77.3±48.5μg/m3，13.5%）和元素碳（38.0±28.3μg/m3，6.6%）组成。不同来源的 PM10 中这些成分的比例不同。电厂污染源的特征是由于煤炭燃烧而产生的二次结晶颗粒（377.1μg/m3）、元素碳（51.5μg/m3）和有机物（90.6μg/m3）。矿区污染源的特征是由于风化的废渣而导致的矿物质（124.0μg/m3）。路边污染源的特征是由于道路灰尘和车辆尾气分别导致的矿物质（130.0μg/m3）和有机物（81.0μg/m3）。对 PM10 源进行了正矩阵因子分析（PMF），以确定平顶山市 PM10 的主要人为来源。共识别出 6 种因素——地壳物质、煤炭燃烧、车辆尾气和磨损、本地燃烧、风化废渣和工业金属冶炼，它们对平顶山市 PM10 的贡献分别为 19.0%、31.6%、7.4%、6.3%、9.8%和 25.9%。与中国其他主要城市相比，平顶山市的 PM10 来源主要为煤炭燃烧、风化废渣和工业金属冶炼。
