Larionov Aleksey, Volobaev Valentin, Zverev Anton, Vdovina Evgeniya, Bach Sebastian, Schetnikova Ekaterina, Leshukov Timofey, Legoshchin Konstantin, Eremeeva Galina
Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia.
Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Fundamental Science, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Jul 13;12(7):1047. doi: 10.3390/life12071047.
Particulate matter (PM) <10 μm in size represents an extremely heterogeneous and variable group of objects that can penetrate the human respiratory tract. The present study aimed to isolate samples of coarse and ultrafine PM at some distance from polluting industries (1−1.5 km from the border of open-cast mines). PM was collected from snow samples which allowed the accumulation of a relatively large amount of ultrafine particles (UFPs) (50−60 mg) from five objects: three open-cast mines, coal power plants, and control territories. The chemical composition of PM was examined using absorption spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of solid particle material samples. Toxicity was assessed in human MRC-5 lung fibroblasts after 6 h of in vitro exposure to PM samples. The absorption spectra of all the samples contained a wide non-elementary absorption band with a maximum of 270 nm. This band is usually associated with the absorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The X-ray fluorescence spectra of all the studied samples showed intense lines of calcium and potassium and less intense lines of silicon, sulfur, chlorine, and titanium. The proliferation of MRC-5 cells that were exposed to PM0.1 samples was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that of MRC-5 cells exposed to PM10 at the same concentration, except for PM samples obtained from the control point. PM0.1 samples—even those that were collected from control territories—showed increased genotoxicity (micronucleus, ‱) compared to PM10. The study findings suggest that UFPs deserve special attention as a biological agent, distinct from larger PMs.
粒径小于10微米的颗粒物（PM）是一类极为 heterogeneous 且多变的物体，能够穿透人体呼吸道。本研究旨在在距离污染工业一定距离（距露天矿边界1 - 1.5公里）处分离粗颗粒和超细颗粒物的样本。从雪样本中收集颗粒物，这使得能够从五个对象中积累相对大量的超细颗粒（UFP）（50 - 60毫克）：三个露天矿、燃煤发电厂以及对照区域。使用吸收光谱、发光光谱、高效液相色谱、X射线衍射（XRD）以及对固体颗粒材料样本的X射线荧光（XRF）分析来检测颗粒物的化学成分。在体外将PM样本暴露于人类MRC - 5肺成纤维细胞6小时后评估其毒性。所有样本的吸收光谱都包含一个宽的非元素吸收带，其最大值为270纳米。该吸收带通常与溶解有机物（DOM）的吸收相关。所有研究样本的X射线荧光光谱显示钙和钾的谱线强烈，而硅、硫、氯和钛的谱线较弱。暴露于PM0.1样本的MRC - 5细胞的增殖显著（p < 0.01）低于暴露于相同浓度PM10的MRC - 5细胞，对照点获得的PM样本除外。与PM10相比，PM0.1样本——即使是从对照区域收集的——显示出遗传毒性增加（微核，‱）。研究结果表明，作为一种生物制剂，超细颗粒物与较大的颗粒物不同，值得特别关注。
