内化/外化问题：临床和研究应用的回顾与建议。

Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Review and Recommendations for Clinical and Research Applications.

机构信息

University of Vermont, Burlington.

出版信息

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;55(8):647-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 May 31.

DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.012

PMID:27453078

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

More than 75,000 articles have been published on internalizing and externalizing problems. To advance clinical and research applications of internalizing/externalizing concepts and data, our objectives were as follows: to provide an overview of recent research on internalizing/externalizing problems assessed at ages 1½ to 18 years; to identify issues raised by methods for assessing such problems; and to develop recommendations for more precise, consistent, informative, and productive assessment of such problems.

METHOD

A total of 4,870 peer-reviewed articles published from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2014 were systematically reviewed and identified by the search terms "internalizing" or "externalizing," followed by detailed coding of 693 articles that reported use of measures meeting criteria for methodologically sound assessment of internalizing/externalizing problems.

RESULTS

Many articles reported data based on measures that did not meet criteria for methodologically sound assessment of internalizing/externalizing problems. The 693 articles that used measures meeting criteria for methodological soundness and that qualified for detailed coding reported findings for 649,457 children living in 65 societies on all inhabited continents. Data were obtained from parents, teachers, children, clinicians, caregivers, and others. Samples included general population, clinical, school, at-risk, multicultural, welfare, and various ethnic/racial and socioeconomic groups. Many analytic methods were used to test associations of diverse variables with internalizing/externalizing problems.

CONCLUSION

The diverse procedures used to assess internalizing/externalizing problems pose challenges for clinical and research applications. To meet the challenges, recommendations are provided for using assessment instruments supported by published standardization, reliability, validity, and normative data to advance clinical services and research.

摘要

目的

已有超过 75000 篇文章发表于内化和外化问题。为了促进内化/外化概念和数据在临床和研究中的应用，我们的目标如下：提供一个综述，总结近 18 岁以下人群内化/外化问题评估的相关研究；识别评估这些问题的方法所引发的问题；并为更精确、一致、信息丰富且富有成效的此类问题评估制定建议。

方法

系统地回顾了 2012 年 1 月 1 日至 2014 年 12 月 31 日期间发表的 4870 篇同行评议文章，使用“内化”或“外化”这两个术语进行搜索，并对 693 篇详细报告了使用符合内化/外化问题方法学评估标准的测量工具的文章进行了编码。

结果

许多文章报告的数据是基于不符合内化/外化问题方法学评估标准的测量工具得出的。693 篇使用符合方法学标准的测量工具并符合详细编码要求的文章报告了来自居住在六大洲 65 个社会的 649457 名儿童的数据。数据来源于父母、教师、儿童、临床医生、照顾者和其他人。样本包括普通人群、临床人群、学校人群、高危人群、多元文化人群、福利人群以及各种种族/社会经济群体。许多分析方法被用于检验各种变量与内化/外化问题的关联。