Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010.
Compr Psychiatry. 2017 Nov;79:4-18. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.006. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Originating in the 1960s, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) comprises a family of instruments for assessing problems and strengths for ages 1½-90+ years.
To provide an overview of the ASEBA, related research, and future directions for empirically based assessment and taxonomy.
Standardized, multi-informant ratings of transdiagnostic dimensions of behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems are hierarchically scored on narrow-spectrum syndrome scales, broad-spectrum internalizing and externalizing scales, and a total problems (general psychopathology) scale. DSM-oriented and strengths scales are also scored. The instruments and scales have been iteratively developed from assessments of clinical and population samples of hundreds of thousands of individuals. Items, instruments, scales, and norms are tailored to different kinds of informants for ages 1½-5, 6-18, 18-59, and 60-90+ years. To take account of differences between informants' ratings, parallel instruments are completed by parents, teachers, youths, adult probands, and adult collaterals. Syndromes and Internalizing/Externalizing scales derived from factor analyses of each instrument capture variations in patterns of problems that reflect different informants' perspectives. Confirmatory factor analyses have supported the syndrome structures in dozens of societies. Software displays scale scores in relation to user-selected multicultural norms for the age and gender of the person being assessed, according to ratings by each type of informant. Multicultural norms are derived from population samples in 57 societies on every inhabited continent. Ongoing and future research includes multicultural assessment of elders; advancing transdiagnostic progress and outcomes assessment; and testing higher order structures of psychopathology.
起源于 20 世纪 60 年代的 Achenbach 系统经验评估（ASEBA）包括一系列用于评估 1 岁半至 90 岁以上人群问题和优势的工具。
提供 ASEBA 的概述，以及经验评估和分类学的相关研究和未来方向。
对跨诊断行为、情感、社会和思维问题的维度进行标准化、多信息源的评定，在窄谱综合征量表、广谱内化和外化量表以及总问题（一般精神病理学）量表上进行层次评分。也对与 DSM 相关的优势量表进行评分。这些工具和量表是从数十万临床和人群样本的评估中逐步开发出来的。项目、工具、量表和规范针对 1 岁半至 5 岁、6-18 岁、18-59 岁和 60-90 岁以上的不同类型的信息源进行了调整。为了考虑信息源评分之间的差异，为父母、教师、青少年、成年患者和成年亲属完成了平行工具。从每个工具的因素分析中得出的综合征和内化/外化量表，捕捉到反映不同信息源观点的问题模式的变化。几十种社会的验证性因素分析支持了综合征结构。软件根据每种信息源的评分，显示与用户选择的年龄和性别的多元文化规范相关的量表评分。多元文化规范来自 57 个社会的每一个有人居住的大陆的人口样本。正在进行和未来的研究包括对老年人的多元文化评估；推进跨诊断进展和结果评估；以及测试精神病理学的更高阶结构。
