不同恐惧和焦虑障碍中的恐惧相关错觉相关：文献综述。
Fear-relevant illusory correlations in different fears and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature.
机构信息
Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Center of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Germany.
出版信息
J Anxiety Disord. 2016 Aug;42:113-28. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 9.
Fearful individuals often overestimate the relationship between fear-relevant stimuli and aversive consequences. Such fear-relevant illusory correlations (ICs) might be involved in the maintenance of anxiety disorders. In this literature review, we found clear evidence that ICs are present and enhanced in fear of animals. We also revealed some evidence for ICs related to fear of flying, social anxiety, contamination fear, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, but with considerably less clarity. Fear-relevant ICs seem to be best explained by both a priori expectancies and biased encoding of the experienced associations. Studies to date suggest that one important biased encoding process is the enhanced aversiveness/salience of fear-relevant outcomes. Future studies may improve insight by developing more reliable IC measures and testing the effect of encoding processes on treatment outcomes.
害怕的个体通常会高估与恐惧相关的刺激与厌恶后果之间的关系。这种与恐惧相关的错觉相关（IC）可能与焦虑障碍的维持有关。在这篇文献综述中，我们发现有明确的证据表明，在对动物的恐惧中存在并增强了 IC。我们还发现了一些与飞行恐惧、社交焦虑、污染恐惧、恐慌症和创伤后应激障碍相关的 IC 的证据，但清晰度较低。恐惧相关的 IC 似乎可以通过先验期望和对所经历的关联的有偏差的编码来最好地解释。迄今为止的研究表明，一个重要的有偏差的编码过程是增强与恐惧相关的结果的厌恶/显着性。未来的研究可能通过开发更可靠的 IC 测量方法并测试编码过程对治疗结果的影响，从而提高洞察力。
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