Dombrowski Stephan U, Endevelt Ronit, Steinberg David M, Benyamini Yael
Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, UK.
School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel.
Br J Health Psychol. 2016 Nov;21(4):989-1005. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12212.
The conditions under which planning for behaviour change is most effective are not fully understood. In the context of a weight management programme, we examined the interrelationship between plan specificity, type of behaviour planned (diet vs. exercise), and weight loss goals.
Prospective design and content analysis of plans formed by participants of a 10-week weight management programme.
Participants (n = 239) formulated two plans, for dietary and exercise behaviours, respectively. Plans were rated for specificity by examining the number of plan components. Weight loss goals were assessed by asking how much weight participants intend to lose. Weight was measured objectively each of the 10 weeks. Changes in body mass index (BMI) over time and the interactions between plan specificity and weight loss goals, for all plans and separately for diet and exercise, were estimated using linear mixed models.
Plan specificity was unrelated to weight loss, but interacted with weight loss goals in predicting linear change in BMI (t = -2.48): More specific plans were associated with higher decreases in weight in participants with high weight loss goals. Separate interaction tests for plans formulated for diet and exercise change showed that more specific dietary plans, but not exercise plans, were associated with higher decreases in weight in participants with high weight loss goals (t = -2.21).
Within a population that is highly motivated to lose weight, the combination of high weight loss goals and formulating detailed plans for changing dietary behaviours may be most effective in supporting weight loss. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? More specific plans are associated with increased performance of health-related behaviours. More motivated individuals form more specific plans. The interrelationship between plan specificity, plan content and behaviour-related goals in relation intervention effectiveness has not been explored to date. What does this study add? The effectiveness of forming specific plans may depend on the strength of behaviour-related goals as well as the behaviour selected for change. More detailed plans, in particular dietary plans, were related to greater weight loss, but only for participants with higher initial weight loss goals. Detailed exercise plans were not associated with weight loss, regardless of initial weight loss goals.
行为改变计划最有效的条件尚未完全明确。在体重管理计划的背景下，我们研究了计划的具体程度、计划的行为类型（饮食与运动）以及减肥目标之间的相互关系。
对一项为期10周的体重管理计划参与者制定的计划进行前瞻性设计和内容分析。
参与者（n = 239）分别为饮食和运动行为制定了两个计划。通过检查计划组成部分的数量对计划的具体程度进行评分。通过询问参与者打算减轻多少体重来评估减肥目标。在10周中的每一周客观测量体重。使用线性混合模型估计所有计划以及饮食和运动计划分别随时间的体重指数（BMI）变化以及计划具体程度与减肥目标之间的相互作用。
计划的具体程度与体重减轻无关，但在预测BMI的线性变化时与减肥目标相互作用（t = -2.48）：对于减肥目标高的参与者，更具体的计划与体重更大幅度的下降相关。针对饮食和运动改变制定的计划的单独相互作用测试表明，对于减肥目标高的参与者，更具体的饮食计划而非运动计划与体重更大幅度的下降相关（t = -2.21）。
在有强烈减肥动机的人群中，高减肥目标与制定详细的饮食行为改变计划相结合可能对支持减肥最有效。贡献声明关于该主题已知的内容有哪些？更具体的计划与健康相关行为的表现增加有关。积极性更高的个体制定更具体的计划。迄今为止，尚未探讨计划具体程度、计划内容与行为相关目标之间关于干预效果的相互关系。这项研究增加了什么？制定具体计划的有效性可能取决于行为相关目标的强度以及选择改变的行为。更详细的计划，特别是饮食计划，与更大幅度的体重减轻有关，但仅适用于初始减肥目标较高的参与者。无论初始减肥目标如何，详细的运动计划都与体重减轻无关。
