Health Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Social, Organizational and Economic Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Br J Health Psychol. 2017 Nov;22(4):940-957. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12263. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
Individuals with chronic conditions can benefit from formulating action plans to engage in regular physical activity. However, the content and the successful translation of plans into action, so-called plan enactment, are rarely adequately evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the content of user-specified plans and to examine whether participants were more likely to enact their plans if these plans were highly specific, viable, and instrumental.
The study presents secondary analyses from a larger behavioural intervention in cardiac and orthopaedic rehabilitation. The content of 619 action plans from 229 participants was evaluated by two independent raters (i.e., qualitative analyses and ratings of specificity) and by participants themselves (i.e., instrumentality and viability). Plan enactment was also measured via self-reports. Multilevel analyses examined the relationship between these plan characteristics and subsequent plan enactment, and between plan enactment and aggregated physical activity.
Participants preferred to plan leisure-time physical activities anchored around time-based cues. Specificity of occasion cues (i.e., when to act) and highly instrumental plans were positively associated with plan enactment. Interestingly, individuals who planned less specific behavioural responses (i.e., what to do) were more likely to enact their plans. Plan enactment was positively associated with aggregated behaviour.
Interventions should not only emphasize the importance of planning, but also the benefits of formulating specific contextual cues. Planning of the behavioural response seems to require less precision. Allowing for some flexibility in executing the anticipated target behaviour seems to aid successful plan enactment. Statement of Contribution What is already known on this subject? Action planning interventions are efficacious in promoting health behaviour. Characteristics of plan content (i.e., specificity) matter for unconditional behaviour change. Plan enactment (i.e., degree to which plan is followed through) is positively linked to behaviour change. What does this study add? Specificity of occasion cues (i.e., when to act) and highly instrumental plans were positively associated with plan enactment. Individuals who planned less specific behavioural responses (i.e., what to do) were more likely to enact their plans. Planning interventions should focus on specificity of context cues but flexibility of behavioural action.
患有慢性病的个体可以从制定行动计划以进行有规律的身体活动中受益。然而，计划的内容以及将计划转化为行动（即所谓的计划实施）很少得到充分评估。本研究的目的是描述用户指定计划的内容，并检验如果计划具有高度的具体性、可行性和工具性，参与者是否更有可能实施这些计划。
本研究对心脏和骨科康复的一项较大行为干预的次级分析。通过两位独立的评估者（即定性分析和特定性评分）和参与者自身（即工具性和可行性评分）评估了 229 名参与者的 619 个行动计划的内容。通过自我报告测量了计划实施情况。多水平分析检验了这些计划特征与后续计划实施之间的关系，以及计划实施与综合体力活动之间的关系。
参与者更喜欢围绕基于时间提示的休闲时间体力活动制定计划。具体的场合提示（即何时行动）和高度工具性的计划与计划实施呈正相关。有趣的是，计划较少具体行为反应（即做什么）的个体更有可能实施他们的计划。计划实施与综合行为呈正相关。
干预措施不仅应强调计划的重要性，还应强调制定具体情境提示的好处。计划行为反应似乎不需要那么精确。允许在执行预期目标行为时具有一定的灵活性似乎有助于成功实施计划。
关于这个主题，已经有哪些已知信息？
行动规划干预措施在促进健康行为方面是有效的。
计划内容的特征（即具体性）对无条件行为改变很重要。
计划实施（即计划的实施程度）与行为改变呈正相关。
本研究有哪些新发现？
具体的场合提示（即何时行动）和高度工具性的计划与计划实施呈正相关。
计划较少具体行为反应（即做什么）的个体更有可能实施他们的计划。
规划干预措施应重点关注情境提示的具体性，但行为动作的灵活性。
