Wolak Natalia, Zawrotniak Marcin, Gogol Mariusz, Kozik Andrzej, Rapala-Kozik Maria
Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow. Poland.
Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2017;17(12):1075-1111. doi: 10.2174/1389557516666160725095729.
Vitamins are chemical compounds whose derivatives are involved in vital metabolic pathways of all living organisms. The complete endogenous biosynthesis of vitamins can be performed by many bacteria, yeast and plants, but humans need to acquire most of these essential nutrients with food. In recent years, new types of action of the well-recognized vitamins or their more sophisticated relationships have been reported.
In this review we present the current knowledge of factors that can influence the yield and regulation of vitamin B1, B2, B3 and B9 biosynthesis in plants which can be important for human nutrition. A summary of modern methods applied for vitamin analysis in biological materials is also provided. Contributions of selected vitamins to the homeostasis of the human organism, as well as their relations to the progress or prevention of some important diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are discussed in the light of recent investigations. Better understanding of the mechanisms of vitamin uptake by human tissues and possible metabolic or genetic backgrounds of vitamin deficiencies can open new perspectives on the medical strategies and biotechnological processes of food fortification.
维生素是一类化合物，其衍生物参与所有生物体的重要代谢途径。许多细菌、酵母和植物能够完成维生素的完整内源性生物合成，但人类需要通过食物获取大部分这些必需营养素。近年来，已报道了公认维生素的新型作用或其更复杂的关系。
在本综述中，我们介绍了目前关于可能影响植物中维生素B1、B2、B3和B9生物合成产量和调控的因素的知识，这些因素对人类营养可能很重要。还提供了用于生物材料中维生素分析的现代方法的总结。根据最近的研究，讨论了特定维生素对人体稳态的贡献，以及它们与某些重要疾病（如癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病）的进展或预防的关系。更好地理解人体组织吸收维生素的机制以及维生素缺乏可能的代谢或遗传背景，可为食品强化的医学策略和生物技术过程开辟新的前景。
