Rowlinson Emily, Dueger Erica, Mansour Adel, Azzazy Nahed, Mansour Hoda, Peters Lisa, Rosenstock Summer, Hamid Sarah, Said Mayar M, Geneidy Mohamed, Abd Allah Monier, Kandeel Amr
Global Disease Detection and Response Program, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt.
US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017 Jan;11(1):23-32. doi: 10.1111/irv.12409. Epub 2016 Aug 12.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are responsible for nearly two million childhood deaths worldwide. A limited number of studies have been published on the epidemiology of viral respiratory pathogens in Egypt.
A total of 6113 hospitalized patients >1 month of age with suspected ARI were enrolled between June 23, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Naso- and oropharyngeal specimens were collected and tested for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1-3. Blood specimens from children 1-11 months were cultured and bacterial growth was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results from a healthcare utilization survey on the proportion of persons seeking care for ARI was used to calculate adjusted ARI incidence rates in the surveillance population.
The proportion of patients with a viral pathogen detected decreased with age from 67% in patients age 1-11 months to 19% in patients ≥65 years of age. Influenza was the dominant viral pathogen detected in patients ≥1 year of age (13.9%). The highest incidence rates for hospitalized ARI were observed in children 1-11 months (1757.9-5537.5/100 000 population) and RSV was the most commonly detected pathogen in this age group.
In this study population, influenza is the largest viral contributor to hospitalized ARIs and children 1-11 months of age experience a high rate of ARI hospitalizations. This study highlights a need for surveillance of additional viral pathogens and alternative detection methods for bacterial pathogens, which may reveal a substantial proportion of as yet unidentified etiologies in adults.
急性呼吸道感染（ARI）在全球导致近两百万儿童死亡。关于埃及病毒性呼吸道病原体流行病学的研究发表数量有限。
2009年6月23日至2013年12月31日期间，共纳入6113名年龄大于1个月的疑似ARI住院患者。采集鼻和口咽标本，检测甲型和乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒、腺病毒以及副流感病毒1 - 3型。对1 - 11个月大儿童的血液标本进行培养，并通过聚合酶链反应鉴定细菌生长情况。利用关于因ARI就医人群比例的医疗利用调查结果，计算监测人群中经调整的ARI发病率。
检测到病毒病原体的患者比例随年龄增长而下降，从1 - 11个月大患者中的67%降至65岁及以上患者中的19%。流感是1岁及以上患者中检测到的主要病毒病原体（13.9%）。住院ARI发病率最高的是1 - 11个月大的儿童（每10万人口中1757.9 - 5537.5例），呼吸道合胞病毒是该年龄组中最常检测到的病原体。
在本研究人群中，流感是导致住院ARI的最大病毒因素，1 - 11个月大的儿童ARI住院率很高。本研究强调需要监测更多病毒病原体以及细菌病原体的替代检测方法，这可能揭示成人中很大一部分尚未明确的病因。
