Bhupathiraju Shilpa N, Grodstein Francine, Stampfer Meir J, Willett Walter C, Hu Frank B, Manson JoAnn E
At the time of study, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu were with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Francine Grodstein and JoAnn E. Manson were with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health.
Am J Public Health. 2016 Sep;106(9):1631-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303349. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) to our understanding of the complex relationship between exogenous hormones and health outcomes in women.
We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II from 1976 to 2016.
Oral contraceptive and postmenopausal hormone use were studied in relation to major health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Current or recent oral contraceptive use is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (mainly among smokers), melanoma, and breast cancer, and a lower risk of colorectal and ovarian cancer. Although hormone therapy is not indicated primarily for chronic disease prevention, findings from the NHS and a recent analysis of the Women's Health Initiative indicate that younger women who are closer to menopause onset have a more favorable risk-benefit profile than do older women from use of hormone therapy for relief of vasomotor symptoms.
With updated information on hormone use, lifestyle factors, and other variables, the NHS and NHS II continue to contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between exogenous hormones and health outcomes in women.
回顾护士健康研究（NHS）对我们理解外源性激素与女性健康结局之间复杂关系所做的贡献。
我们对1976年至2016年期间NHS及NHS II的出版物进行了叙述性综述。
研究了口服避孕药和绝经后激素使用与主要健康结局的关系，包括心血管疾病和癌症。当前或近期使用口服避孕药与心血管疾病（主要在吸烟者中）、黑色素瘤和乳腺癌的较高风险相关，而与结直肠癌和卵巢癌的较低风险相关。尽管激素治疗并非主要用于预防慢性病，但NHS的研究结果以及近期对女性健康倡议的分析表明，与绝经开始时间更近的年轻女性使用激素治疗缓解血管舒缩症状时，其风险效益比优于年长女性。
随着激素使用、生活方式因素及其他变量的最新信息出现，NHS和NHS II继续有助于我们理解外源性激素与女性健康结局之间的复杂关系。
