Colditz Graham A, Philpott Sydney E, Hankinson Susan E
Graham A. Colditz and Sydney E. Philpott are with the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO. Susan E. Hankinson is with the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Am J Public Health. 2016 Sep;106(9):1540-5. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303343. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
To summarize the overall impact of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) over the past 40 years on the health of populations through its contributions on prevention, translation, and control.
We performed a narrative review of the findings of the NHS, NHS II, and NHS3 between 1976 and 2016.
The NHS has generated significant findings about the associations between (1) smoking and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and eye diseases; (2) physical activity and cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, psoriasis, and neurodegeneration; (3) obesity and cardiovascular diseases, numerous cancer sites, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, kidney stones, and eye diseases; (4) oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease, melanoma, and breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancer; (5) hormone therapy and cardiovascular diseases, breast and endometrial cancer, and neurodegeneration; (6) endogenous hormones and breast cancer; (7) dietary factors and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, breast and pancreatic cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis, kidney stones, and eye diseases; and (8) sleep and shift work and chronic diseases.
The NHS findings have influenced public health policy and practice both locally and globally to improve women's health.
总结护士健康研究（NHS）在过去40年中通过其在预防、转化和控制方面的贡献对人群健康产生的总体影响。
我们对1976年至2016年间NHS、NHS II和NHS3的研究结果进行了叙述性综述。
NHS得出了关于以下方面关联的重要研究结果：（1）吸烟与2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、结直肠癌和胰腺癌、银屑病、多发性硬化症以及眼部疾病；（2）身体活动与心血管疾病、乳腺癌、银屑病和神经退行性变；（3）肥胖与心血管疾病、众多癌症部位、银屑病、多发性硬化症、肾结石和眼部疾病；（4）口服避孕药与心血管疾病、黑色素瘤以及乳腺癌、结直肠癌和卵巢癌；（5）激素治疗与心血管疾病、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌以及神经退行性变；（6）内源性激素与乳腺癌；（7）饮食因素与2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、乳腺癌和胰腺癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、神经退行性变、多发性硬化症、肾结石和眼部疾病；以及（8）睡眠和轮班工作与慢性病。
NHS的研究结果在本地和全球范围内影响了公共卫生政策和实践，以改善女性健康。
