Backx E M P, Tieland M, Maase K, Kies A K, Mensink M, van Loon L J C, de Groot L C P G M
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Netherlands Olympic Committee*Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC*NSF), Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;70(9):1009-14. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.133. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Dutch athletes and to define the required dosage of vitamin D3 supplementation to prevent vitamin D deficiency over the course of a year.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 128 highly trained athletes to assess total 25(OH)D concentration. Of these 128 athletes, 54 male and 48 female athletes (18-32 years) were included in a randomized, double blind, dose-response study. Athletes with either a deficient (<50 nmol/l) or an insufficient (50-75 nmol/l) 25(OH)D concentration were randomly assigned to take 400, 1100 or 2200 IU vitamin D3 per day orally for 1 year. Athletes who had a total 25(OH)D concentration above 75 nmol/l at baseline continued with the study protocol without receiving vitamin D supplements. Serum total 25(OH)D concentration was assessed every 3 months, as well as dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure.
Nearly 70% of all athletes showed an insufficient (50-75 nmol/l) or a deficient (<50 nmol/l) 25(OH)D concentration at baseline. After 12 months, serum 25(OH)D concentration had increased more in the 2200 IU/day group (+50±27 nmol/l) than the sufficient group receiving no supplements (+4±17 nmol/l; P<0.01) and the 1100 IU/day group (+25±23 nmol/l; P<0.05). Supplementation with 2200 IU/day vitamin D resulted in a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration in 80% of the athletes after 12 months.
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in athletes. Athletes with a deficient or an insufficient 25(OH)D concentration can achieve a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration within 3 months by taking 2200 IU/day.
背景/目的：评估荷兰运动员维生素D缺乏症的患病率，并确定维生素D3补充剂预防一年内维生素D缺乏所需的剂量。
受试者/方法：采集128名高水平运动员的血样，以评估血清总25(OH)D浓度。在这128名运动员中，54名男性和48名女性运动员（18 - 32岁）被纳入一项随机、双盲、剂量反应研究。25(OH)D浓度低于50nmol/l（缺乏）或50 - 75nmol/l（不足）的运动员被随机分配，每天口服400、1100或2200IU维生素D3，持续1年。基线时血清总25(OH)D浓度高于75nmol/l的运动员继续遵循研究方案，不接受维生素D补充剂。每3个月评估一次血清总25(OH)D浓度，以及膳食维生素D摄入量和阳光照射情况。
几乎70%的运动员在基线时25(OH)D浓度不足（50 - 75nmol/l）或缺乏（<50nmol/l）。12个月后，2200IU/天组的血清25(OH)D浓度升高幅度（+50±27nmol/l）大于未补充组（+4±17nmol/l；P<0.01）和1100IU/天组（+25±23nmol/l；P<0.05）。补充2200IU/天的维生素D后，12个月时80%的运动员25(OH)D浓度充足。
维生素D缺乏在运动员中非常普遍。25(OH)D浓度缺乏或不足的运动员通过每天服用2200IU维生素D，可在3个月内使25(OH)D浓度达到充足水平。
