Clark D A, Beck A T, Brown G
Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Jun;56(6):958-64. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.6.958.
We investigated the degree of content specificity evident in the negative cognitions associated with anxiety and depression in two large samples of general psychiatric outpatients. Standardized measures of affect and cognition were analyzed in a multiple regression design. As predicted by Beck's (1967, 1976, 1987) cognitive theory of psychopathology, thoughts of loss and failure were specifically associated with depression, whereas cognitions of harm and danger were uniquely predictive of anxiety. In addition, hopelessness was specific to depression and not to anxiety. Dysfunctional beliefs showed no consistent association with either mood state. The implication of these results, as well as related findings, is discussed in terms of a cognitive perspective on the differentiation of emotional disorders. Also discussed are the methodological difficulties encountered in research on cognitive-affective relationships.
我们在两个大型普通精神科门诊患者样本中，研究了与焦虑和抑郁相关的消极认知中明显的内容特异性程度。在多元回归设计中分析了情感和认知的标准化测量指标。正如贝克（1967年、1976年、1987年）的精神病理学认知理论所预测的那样，失落和失败的想法与抑郁有特定关联，而伤害和危险的认知则是焦虑的独特预测指标。此外，绝望是抑郁所特有的，而非焦虑所特有。功能失调性信念与两种情绪状态均无一致关联。从情绪障碍分化的认知角度讨论了这些结果以及相关发现的意义。还讨论了认知-情感关系研究中遇到的方法学困难。
