Padro Dietz Caroline, Luong Amber
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;79:58-68. doi: 10.1159/000445130. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered subset of innate immune cells that are capable of secreting great amounts of cytokines that have been found to influence effector cell activity. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the absence (CRSsNP) or presence (CRSwNP) of nasal polyps has been characterized as type 1- and type 2-skewed, respectively, based on the presence of cytokines characteristic of type 1 and 2 immune responses. Based on the ability of type 1 ILCs to secrete interferon-x03B3;, a type 1 cytokine found elevated in CRSsNP and type 2 ILCs to secrete IL-5 and IL-13, type 2 cytokines found elevated in CRSwNP, it is essential to examine the role that ILCs may play in the pathogenesis of CRS. This chapter introduces each subset of ILC (type 1-3) and the non-CRS pathologies they have been associated with in both mouse and human models. It will discuss the current research into ILCs in CRS, particularly ILC2s and NK cells in CRSwNP. Finally, the chapter will consider the therapeutic implications of ILC involvement in CRS and highlight the needs for future research into the role that ILCs play in CRS.
固有淋巴细胞（ILCs）是最近发现的一类固有免疫细胞亚群，它们能够分泌大量已被发现可影响效应细胞活性的细胞因子。根据1型和2型免疫反应特征性细胞因子的存在情况，无鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）（CRSsNP）和有鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRSwNP）分别被表征为1型和2型偏向。基于1型ILCs分泌干扰素-γ（在CRSsNP中升高的一种1型细胞因子）以及2型ILCs分泌IL-5和IL-13（在CRSwNP中升高的2型细胞因子）的能力，研究ILCs在CRS发病机制中可能发挥的作用至关重要。本章介绍了ILC的每个亚群（1-3型）以及在小鼠和人类模型中它们与非CRS病理的关联。它将讨论目前关于CRS中ILCs的研究，特别是CRSwNP中的ILC2s和NK细胞。最后，本章将考虑ILCs参与CRS的治疗意义，并强调未来对ILCs在CRS中作用研究的需求。
