Columbia University
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2016 Jul;11(4):466-95. doi: 10.1177/1745691616635595.
Many significant changes occur during human childhood, including cognitive, social-cognitive, and socioemotional changes. This article reviews some key phenomena associated with some of these changes and attempts to capture them within a single conceptual umbrella-changes in children's shared realities with others Shared reality is the experience that you have an inner state about something (e.g., a feeling or belief or concern about something) that is shared by others (a person or group). Four phases of shared-reality development are proposed: Phase 1 (6-12 months) shared feelings; Phase 2 (18-24 months) shared practices; Phase 3 (3-5 years) shared self-guides; Phase 4 (9-13 years) shared coordinated roles In each phase, a new way that children interact with and relate to others emerges, and the emergence of each new shared-reality mode has significant self-regulatory and social consequences. These consequences include both major benefits for children and potential costs-trade-offs of being human.
人类儿童期会发生许多重大变化，包括认知、社会认知和社会情感变化。本文回顾了与这些变化相关的一些关键现象，并试图将它们纳入一个单一的概念框架中——儿童与他人的共同现实变化。共同现实是指你对某事物（例如，对某事物的感觉、信念或关注）有一种内在状态，而这种状态被他人（一个人或一群人）所共享。本文提出了共同现实发展的四个阶段：第 1 阶段（6-12 个月）共同感觉；第 2 阶段（18-24 个月）共同实践；第 3 阶段（3-5 岁）共同自我指导；第 4 阶段（9-13 岁）共同协调角色。在每个阶段，儿童与他人互动和联系的新方式都会出现，而每个新的共同现实模式的出现都具有重要的自我调节和社会后果。这些后果包括儿童的主要利益和潜在成本——人类的权衡取舍。
