Friebe Michael
Institute of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Med Devices (Auckl). 2016 Jul 15;9:231-9. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S106338. eCollection 2016.
There has been little technical innovation over the last few years for contrast media (CM) injectors that are used for diagnostic imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and hybrid imaging systems, such as positron emission tomography-CT or magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography) examinations. The medical need of CM for the enhancement of diagnostic images has been around for a long time, but the application of the CM into the blood stream comes with potential medical complications for the patient and requires a lot of operator experience and training. Most power injector systems that are currently used can do significantly more than what is typically required; this complexity however, adds error potential and cost. This paper focuses on the main features that CM injector systems should have and highlights the technical developments that are useful to have but which add complexity and cost, increase setup time, and require intensive training for safe use. CM injection protocols are very different between CT and MRI, with CT requiring many more variances, has a need for multiphase protocols, and requires a higher timing accuracy. A CM injector used in the MRI suite, on the other-hand, could only need a relatively time insensitive injection with a standard injection flow rate and a volume that is dependent on the patients' weight. This would make easy and lightweight systems possible, which are able to safely and accurately perform the injection task, while allowing full MRI compatibility with relatively low cost investment and consumable costs.
在过去几年中，用于诊断成像（计算机断层扫描[CT]、磁共振成像[MRI]以及正电子发射断层扫描-CT或磁共振-正电子发射断层扫描等混合成像系统）检查的造影剂（CM）注射器几乎没有技术创新。使用CM增强诊断图像的医疗需求由来已久，但将CM注入血流会给患者带来潜在的医疗并发症，并且需要操作人员具备丰富的经验和培训。目前使用的大多数动力注射器系统的功能远远超过了通常所需的功能；然而，这种复杂性增加了出错的可能性和成本。本文重点介绍了CM注射器系统应具备的主要特性，并强调了那些虽有用但会增加复杂性和成本、延长设置时间且需要大量安全使用培训的技术发展。CT和MRI的CM注射方案差异很大，CT需要更多的变量，需要多期方案，并且需要更高的定时精度。另一方面，用于MRI检查的CM注射器可能只需要以标准注射流速进行相对对时间不敏感的注射，注射量取决于患者体重。这将使简单轻便的系统成为可能，这些系统能够安全准确地执行注射任务，同时以相对较低的投资成本和耗材成本实现与MRI的完全兼容。
