Çiftçi Ergin, Karbuz Adem, Kendirli Tanıl
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Turk Pediatri Ars. 2016 Jun 1;51(2):63-71. doi: 10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2016.2359. eCollection 2016 Jun.
Influenza is an infectious disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality. In the USA, approximately 200 000 hospital admissions and 36 000 deaths occur annualy due to severe influenza infections. Although influenza often causes a simple respiratory infection, it sometimes causes disorders affecting several organs including the lung, heart, brain, liver and muscles or serious life-threatening primary viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Currently, oseltamivir is the most important and effective drug for severe influenza infections. Severe influenza infections can be controlled and related deaths may be prevented with initiation of this drug especially within first 2 days. Oseltamivir is usually well tolerated and its most commonly reported side effect is related with the gastrointestinal system. In conclusion, the course of influenza changes in a positive direction and the rates of complications and mortality significantly reduce in patients in whom oseltamivir treatment is initiated as soon as possible.
流感是一种会导致严重发病和死亡的传染病。在美国，每年约有20万人因严重流感感染而住院，3.6万人死亡。虽然流感通常会引发单纯的呼吸道感染，但有时也会导致影响多个器官（包括肺、心脏、大脑、肝脏和肌肉）的疾病，或引发严重的危及生命的原发性病毒或继发性细菌性肺炎。目前，奥司他韦是治疗严重流感感染最重要且有效的药物。尤其是在发病的头两天内开始使用这种药物，严重流感感染就能得到控制，相关死亡也可能得以预防。奥司他韦通常耐受性良好，其最常报告的副作用与胃肠道系统有关。总之，流感病程呈积极变化，尽早开始使用奥司他韦治疗的患者并发症发生率和死亡率会显著降低。
