收容灾难难民对心理健康的影响：对居住在迈阿密的海地人进行随机抽样调查的分析
Mental Health Impact of Hosting Disaster Refugees: Analyses from a Random Sample Survey Among Haitians Living in Miami.
作者信息
Messiah Antoine, Lacoste Jérôme, Gokalsing Erick, Shultz James M, Rodríguez de la Vega Pura, Castro Grettel, Acuna Juan M
机构信息
From the INSERM U-1178, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, the Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, and the Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami.
出版信息
South Med J. 2016 Aug;109(8):458-64. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000502.
OBJECTIVES
Studies on the mental health of families hosting disaster refugees are lacking. This study compares participants in households that hosted 2010 Haitian earthquake disaster refugees with their nonhost counterparts.
METHODS
A random sample survey was conducted from October 2011 through December 2012 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Haitian participants were assessed regarding their 2010 earthquake exposure and impact on family and friends and whether they hosted earthquake refugees. Using standardized scores and thresholds, they were evaluated for symptoms of three common mental disorders (CMDs): posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD).
RESULTS
Participants who hosted refugees (n = 51) had significantly higher percentages of scores beyond thresholds for MDD than those who did not host refugees (n = 365) and for at least one CMD, after adjusting for participants' earthquake exposures and effects on family and friends.
CONCLUSIONS
Hosting refugees from a natural disaster appears to elevate the risk for MDD and possibly other CMDs, independent of risks posed by exposure to the disaster itself. Families hosting refugees deserve special attention.
目的
关于接纳灾难难民家庭心理健康状况的研究较为匮乏。本研究对2010年接纳海地地震灾难难民的家庭参与者与未接纳难民的家庭参与者进行了比较。
方法
2011年10月至2012年12月在佛罗里达州迈阿密-戴德县进行了一项随机抽样调查。对海地参与者就其2010年地震经历、地震对家人和朋友的影响以及他们是否接纳地震难民等情况进行了评估。使用标准化分数和临界值，对他们三种常见精神障碍（创伤后应激障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍和重度抑郁症）的症状进行了评估。
结果
在对参与者的地震经历以及地震对家人和朋友的影响进行调整后，接纳难民的参与者（n = 51）中重度抑郁症得分超过临界值的百分比显著高于未接纳难民的参与者（n = 365），且至少有一种常见精神障碍得分超过临界值的百分比也更高。
结论
接纳自然灾害难民似乎会增加患重度抑郁症以及可能其他常见精神障碍的风险，这与接触灾害本身所带来的风险无关。接纳难民的家庭值得特别关注。
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