母亲对其学龄前儿童屏幕观看行为的看法：一项定性研究。
Mothers' views of their preschool child's screen-viewing behaviour: a qualitative study.
作者信息
Bentley Georgina F, Turner Katrina M, Jago Russell
机构信息
Centre of Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 4;16:718. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3440-z.
BACKGROUND
Research on screen-viewing in preschool children has predominantly focused on television viewing. The rapid development of mobile devices (e.g. tablets, smart phones and e-readers) and the increase in their use by preschool children means there is a need to understand how and why these devices are used by this age group. The aim of this study was to explore mothers' views of their preschool children's screen viewing behaviour (including mobile devices) and investigate how preschool children use different screen-viewing devices.
METHODS
One-to-one, semi-structured interviews with mothers of preschool children (aged between 2 and 4 years old). Mothers were recruited through preschools, nurseries, and mother and toddler groups located within four areas of varying socio-economic status within Bristol, UK. Data were analysed thematically using a framework approach.
RESULTS
Twenty-six mothers were interviewed. Mobile devices were regularly used as a form of screen-viewing for most children but were used on an ad hoc basis rather than being a habitual activity. The reasons and influences of mobile device use described by mothers were similar to that of television viewing. However, the portability of mobile devices meant that they were often used outside of the home as a distraction tool. Their multi-functionality meant that they could be used as a portable television, or for purposeful learning through educational games and applications. Some mothers showed concerns over mobile device use by their child, whilst others felt it was an important and useful educational tool. Although the majority of mothers felt they needed to set rules and restrictions for mobile device use, many mothers felt that they are also a necessary and unavoidable part of life.
CONCLUSIONS
Mothers in this study suggested that mobile device use by preschool children is common. More research is needed to determine the impact of mobile device use in preschool children, how much time preschool children spend using mobile devices and which activities their use may be replacing.
背景
针对学龄前儿童观看屏幕的研究主要集中在看电视方面。移动设备（如平板电脑、智能手机和电子阅读器）的迅速发展以及学龄前儿童对其使用的增加，意味着有必要了解这个年龄段的儿童如何以及为何使用这些设备。本研究的目的是探讨母亲们对其学龄前儿童屏幕观看行为（包括使用移动设备）的看法，并调查学龄前儿童如何使用不同的屏幕观看设备。
方法
对学龄前儿童（年龄在2至4岁之间）的母亲进行一对一的半结构化访谈。通过英国布里斯托尔四个社会经济地位不同地区的幼儿园、托儿所及母婴小组招募母亲。采用框架分析法对数据进行主题分析。
结果
访谈了26位母亲。大多数儿童经常将移动设备作为一种屏幕观看形式使用，但使用是临时性的，而非习惯性活动。母亲们描述的使用移动设备的原因和影响与看电视类似。然而，移动设备的便携性意味着它们经常在家庭以外作为一种分散注意力的工具使用。其多功能性意味着它们可以用作便携式电视，或通过教育游戏和应用程序进行有目的的学习。一些母亲对孩子使用移动设备表示担忧，而另一些母亲则认为这是一种重要且有用的教育工具。尽管大多数母亲觉得她们需要为移动设备的使用制定规则和限制，但许多母亲认为它们也是生活中必要且不可避免的一部分。
结论
本研究中的母亲们表明，学龄前儿童使用移动设备很普遍。需要更多研究来确定移动设备使用对学龄前儿童的影响、学龄前儿童使用移动设备的时间以及其使用可能会取代哪些活动。
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