自我报告的认知和自动认知与癌症幸存者的运动行为相关。
Self-reported and automatic cognitions are associated with exercise behavior in cancer survivors.
作者信息
Endrighi Romano, Basen-Engquist Karen, Szeto Edwin, Perkins Heidi, Baum George, Cox-Martin Matthew, MacIntyre Jessica M, Waters Andrew J
机构信息
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology.
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
出版信息
Health Psychol. 2016 Aug;35(8):824-8. doi: 10.1037/hea0000385.
OBJECTIVE
Physical activity is beneficial for cancer survivors, but exercise participation is low in this population. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors underlying exercise uptake so that more effective interventions can be developed. Social-cognitive theory constructs such as outcome expectancies predict exercise behavior, but self-report measures have several limitations. We examined the associations between implicit (automatic) cognitions and exercise behavior and self-efficacy in endometrial cancer survivors.
METHOD
This was a longitudinal study to examine predictors of exercise behavior in female endometrial cancer survivors who all received an exercise intervention. Participants (N = 100, mean age of 57.0) completed questionnaires to assess self-report exercise-related measures (outcome expectancy and attitudes about and identification with exercise) and reaction time (RT) tasks to assess implicit exercise cognitions (expectancy accessibility, implicit attitudes about exercise, and implicit self-identification with exercise) at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months at follow-up. Exercise behavior was measured using accelerometers and self-report. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.
RESULTS
Expectancy accessibility was associated with exercise duration independent of the corresponding self-report measure. Exercise implicit attitudes and self-identification were prospectively associated with exercise self-efficacy only after adjustment for the corresponding self-report measures and baseline self-efficacy. Self-report measures were also associated with study outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Both self-reported cognitions and implicit cognitions may be useful to identify individuals at risk of failing to exercise. Individuals so identified might be provided with a different or more intensive intervention. The data also suggest cognitive targets for intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record
目的
身体活动对癌症幸存者有益，但该人群的运动参与率较低。因此，了解运动参与背后的心理因素很重要，这样才能制定更有效的干预措施。社会认知理论构建，如结果期望，可预测运动行为，但自我报告测量有几个局限性。我们研究了子宫内膜癌幸存者中内隐（自动）认知与运动行为及自我效能之间的关联。
方法
这是一项纵向研究，旨在检查所有接受运动干预的女性子宫内膜癌幸存者运动行为的预测因素。参与者（N = 100，平均年龄57.0岁）在基线以及随访的第2、4和6个月完成问卷，以评估自我报告的运动相关测量指标（结果期望、对运动的态度和认同感），并完成反应时（RT）任务，以评估内隐运动认知（期望可及性、对运动的内隐态度和对运动的内隐自我认同）。运动行为通过加速度计和自我报告进行测量。数据使用线性混合模型进行分析。
结果
期望可及性与运动时长相关，且独立于相应的自我报告测量指标。仅在对相应的自我报告测量指标和基线自我效能进行调整后，运动内隐态度和自我认同才与运动自我效能存在前瞻性关联。自我报告测量指标也与研究结果相关。
结论
自我报告的认知和内隐认知都可能有助于识别有运动失败风险的个体。对于如此识别出的个体，可能需要提供不同的或更强化的干预。这些数据还提示了干预的认知靶点。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
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