喀麦隆西部地区贾格卫生区扩大免疫规划服务提供情况：一项横断面调查
The expanded program on immunization service delivery in the Dschang health district, west region of Cameroon: a cross sectional survey.
作者信息
Ebile Akoh Walter, Ateudjieu Jérôme, Nouetchognou Julienne Stephanie, Yakum Martin Ndinakie, Djouma Nembot Fabrice, Nafack Sonkeng Sonia, Saah Fopa Micheal, Watcho Pierre
机构信息
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Dschang, PO Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon.
Meilleure Accés aux Soins de Santé (M.A SANTE), PO Box 33490, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 17;16(1):801. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3429-7.
BACKGROUND
Vaccination is the most effective intervention strategy, and the provision of vaccination at fixed posts and outreach posts is a backbone of a sustainable vaccination system in developing countries. Access to immunization services is still limited in Cameroon. Several health districts in the west region have recorded new epidemic outbreaks, including the occurrence of a wild polio virus epidemic outbreak in 2013. The aim of this study was to assess immunization service delivery in one of the largest health districts in the west region of Cameroon; the Dschang Health district.
METHODS
It was a cross sectional study conducted in 2013, in 42 health facilities covering 18 health areas in the Dschang Health District. Data were collected with questionnaires administered to health personnel face to face and an observation grid was used to assess resources and tools. Data were entered and analyzed in Epi Info.
RESULTS
A total of 42 health facilities were assessed and 77 health personnel were interviewed. Overall, 29 (69.0 %) health facilities organized one vaccination session monthly, 2 (4.8 %) organized an outreach within the last 3 months prior to the study, 15 (35.7 %) did not have a vaccination micro plan, 24 (32.9 %) health personnel had not been supervised for at least the last 6 months prior to the study, 7 (16.7 %) health facilities did not have a functional refrigerator, 1 (2.4 %) did not have a vaccine carrier, 23 (54.8 %) did not have a means of transport (vehicle or motorcycle) and 12 (28.6 %) did not have an EPI guideline. The knowledge of health personnel on vaccine and cold chain management, and on diseases of the EPI under epidemiological surveillance was found to be limited.
CONCLUSION
The frequency and strategic provision of immunization services in the Dschang Health district is inadequate. Resource availability for an adequate provision of immunization services is insufficient. The knowledge of health personnel on vaccine management, cold chain management and on diseases under surveillance by the EPI is limited.
背景
疫苗接种是最有效的干预策略，在固定接种点和外展接种点提供疫苗接种服务是发展中国家可持续疫苗接种系统的支柱。喀麦隆获得免疫服务的机会仍然有限。西部地区的几个卫生区记录了新的疫情爆发，包括2013年发生的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情爆发。本研究的目的是评估喀麦隆西部地区最大的卫生区之一——贾格卫生区的免疫服务提供情况。
方法
这是一项于2013年开展的横断面研究，涉及贾格卫生区18个卫生区域的42个卫生设施。通过与卫生人员面对面发放问卷收集数据，并使用观察网格评估资源和工具。数据录入Epi Info软件进行分析。
结果
共评估了42个卫生设施，采访了77名卫生人员。总体而言，29个（69.0%）卫生设施每月组织一次疫苗接种活动，2个（4.8%）在研究前的最后3个月内组织了一次外展活动，15个（35.7%）没有疫苗接种微观计划，24名（32.9%）卫生人员在研究前的至少最后6个月内未接受过监督，7个（16.7%）卫生设施没有正常运行的冰箱，1个（2.4%）没有疫苗运输箱，23个（54.8%）没有运输工具（车辆或摩托车），12个（28.6%）没有扩大免疫规划指南。发现卫生人员在疫苗和冷链管理以及扩大免疫规划所涵盖的流行病学监测疾病方面的知识有限。
结论
贾格卫生区免疫服务的频率和策略性提供不足。提供充足免疫服务的资源可用性不足。卫生人员在疫苗管理、冷链管理以及扩大免疫规划所监测疾病方面的知识有限。
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