Ahn Jeong Joon, Son Youngsoo, He Yaqian, Lee Eungul, Park Yong-Lak
Entomology Program, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States of America.
Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, NIHHS, RDA, 281 Ayeonno, Jeju, 63240, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2016 Aug 17;11(8):e0161319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161319. eCollection 2016.
Temperature plays an important role in the growth and development of arthropods, and thus the current trend of climate change will alter their biology and species distribution. We used Chaetodactylus krombeini (Acari: Chaetodactylidae), a cleptoparasitic mite associated with Osmia bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), as a model organism to investigate how temperature affects the development and voltinism of C. krombeini in the eastern United States. The effects of temperature on the stage-specific development of C. krombeini were determined at seven constant temperatures (16.1, 20.2, 24.1, 27.5, 30.0, 32.4 and 37.8°C). Parameters for stage-specific development, such as threshold temperatures and thermal constant, were determined by using empirical models. Results of this study showed that C. krombeini eggs developed successfully to adult at all temperatures tested except 37.8°C. The nonlinear and linear empirical models were applied to describe quantitatively the relationship between temperature and development of each C. krombeini stage. The nonlinear Lactin model estimated optimal temperatures as 31.4, 32.9, 32.6 and 32.5°C for egg, larva, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. In the linear model, the lower threshold temperatures were estimated to be 9.9, 14.7, 13.0 and 12.4°C for egg, larva, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. The thermal constant for each stage completion were 61.5, 28.1, 64.8 and 171.1 degree days for egg, larva, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Under the future climate scenarios, the number of generations (i.e., voltinism) would increase more likely by 1.5 to 2.0 times by the year of 2100 according to simulation. The findings herein firstly provided comprehensive data on thermal development of C. krombeini and implications for the management of C. krombeini populations under global warming were discussed. *Scientific Article No. 3278 of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Morgantown, West Virginia.
温度在节肢动物的生长和发育过程中起着重要作用，因此当前的气候变化趋势将改变它们的生物学特性和物种分布。我们使用克氏毛跗线螨（Chaetodactylus krombeini，蜱螨亚纲：毛跗线螨科），一种与壁蜂（膜翅目：切叶蜂科）相关的盗寄生螨，作为模式生物来研究温度如何影响美国东部克氏毛跗线螨的发育和化性。在七个恒定温度（16.1、20.2、24.1、27.5、30.0、32.4和37.8°C）下测定了温度对克氏毛跗线螨各阶段发育的影响。通过使用经验模型确定了各阶段发育的参数，如阈值温度和热常数。本研究结果表明，除37.8°C外，克氏毛跗线螨卵在所有测试温度下均能成功发育为成虫。应用非线性和线性经验模型定量描述了克氏毛跗线螨各阶段温度与发育之间的关系。非线性Lactin模型估计卵、幼虫、若虫和卵到成虫阶段的最适温度分别为31.4、32.9、32.6和32.5°C。在直线模型中，卵、幼虫、若虫和卵到成虫阶段的较低阈值温度分别估计为9.9、14.7、13.0和12.4°C。卵、幼虫、若虫和卵到成虫阶段完成各阶段发育所需的热常数分别为61.5、28.1、64.8和171.1度日。根据模拟结果，在未来气候情景下，到2100年世代数（即化性）增加的可能性更可能为1.5至2.0倍。本文的研究结果首次提供了克氏毛跗线螨热发育的综合数据，并讨论了全球变暖对克氏毛跗线螨种群管理的影响。*西弗吉尼亚州摩根敦市西弗吉尼亚农林实验站科学文章第3278号。
