Koss K M, Unsworth L D
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1H9; National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2M9.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 - 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1H9; National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2M9.
Acta Biomater. 2016 Oct 15;44:2-15. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.026. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
Rescuing or repairing neural tissues is of utmost importance to the patient's quality of life after an injury. To remedy this, many novel biomaterials are being developed that are, ideally, non-invasive and directly facilitate neural wound healing. As such, this review surveys the recent approaches and applications of self-assembling peptides and peptide amphiphiles, for building multi-faceted nanoscaffolds for direct application to neural injury. Specifically, methods enabling cellular interactions with the nanoscaffold and controlling the release of bioactive molecules from the nanoscaffold for the express purpose of directing endogenous cells in damaged or diseased neural tissues is presented. An extensive overview of recently derived self-assembling peptide-based materials and their use as neural nanoscaffolds is presented. In addition, an overview of potential bioactive peptides and ligands that could be used to direct behaviour of endogenous cells are categorized with their biological effects. Finally, a number of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory drugs are described and discussed. Smaller therapeutic molecules are emphasized, as they are thought to be able to have less potential effect on the overall peptide self-assembly mechanism. Options for potential nanoscaffolds and drug delivery systems are suggested.
Self-assembling nanoscaffolds have many inherent properties making them amenable to tissue engineering applications: ease of synthesis, ease of customization with bioactive moieties, and amenable for in situ nanoscaffold formation. The combination of the existing knowledge on bioactive motifs for neural engineering and the self-assembling propensity of peptides is discussed in specific reference to neural tissue engineering.
挽救或修复神经组织对于受伤后患者的生活质量至关重要。为了解决这个问题，正在开发许多新型生物材料，理想情况下，这些材料是非侵入性的，并且能直接促进神经伤口愈合。因此，本综述调查了自组装肽和肽两亲分子的最新方法及应用，用于构建多面纳米支架以直接应用于神经损伤。具体而言，介绍了使细胞与纳米支架相互作用以及控制生物活性分子从纳米支架释放的方法，其明确目的是引导受损或患病神经组织中的内源性细胞。本文对最近衍生的基于自组装肽的材料及其作为神经纳米支架的用途进行了广泛概述。此外，对可用于引导内源性细胞行为的潜在生物活性肽和配体及其生物学效应进行了分类概述。最后，描述并讨论了一些神经营养和抗炎药物。强调了较小的治疗性分子，因为它们被认为对整体肽自组装机制的潜在影响较小。提出了潜在纳米支架和药物递送系统的选择。
自组装纳米支架具有许多固有特性，使其适用于组织工程应用：易于合成、易于用生物活性部分进行定制，并且适合原位形成纳米支架。本文结合神经工程中生物活性基序的现有知识和肽的自组装倾向，特别针对神经组织工程进行了讨论。
