Blake Peter R, Corbit John, Callaghan Tara C, Warneken Felix
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2016 Dec;152:149-160. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Aug 20.
Adult influence on children's altruistic behavior may differ between cultural communities. We used an experimental approach to assess the influence of adult models on children's altruistic giving in a city in the United States and rural villages in India. Children between 3 and 8 years of age were tested with their parents in the United States (n=163) and India (n=154). Parents modeled either a generous or stingy donation; children then performed a similar task in private. Children in both communities were influenced by the stingy model, but only children in India increased their giving after viewing a generous model. The model's influence also increased with age in India. Results of a questionnaire revealed that parents in both communities believed that children learned sharing behavior from them. We consider these results in light of differences between these societies, including different socialization goals, cultural values, and content biases that may affect altruistic giving.
成人对儿童利他行为的影响在不同文化社区可能存在差异。我们采用实验方法，评估美国一个城市和印度农村地区成人榜样对儿童利他捐赠行为的影响。在美国（n = 163）和印度（n = 154），对3至8岁的儿童及其父母进行了测试。父母分别示范慷慨捐赠或吝啬捐赠；然后孩子们私下进行类似任务。两个社区的儿童都受到吝啬榜样的影响，但只有印度的儿童在看到慷慨榜样后增加了捐赠。在印度，榜样的影响也随着年龄增长而增强。一份问卷结果显示，两个社区的父母都认为孩子从他们那里学到了分享行为。我们根据这些社会之间的差异来考虑这些结果，包括可能影响利他捐赠的不同社会化目标、文化价值观和内容偏见。
