Northouse L
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1989 Jul-Aug;16(4):511-6.
Although adjustment to breast cancer is an ongoing process, few studies have assessed the psychosocial adjustment of patients and husbands over an extended period of time. The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare the psychosocial adjustment of mastectomy patients and their husbands at three points in time: 3 days, 30 days, and 18 months post-surgery. Data were obtained from 41 mastectomy patients and their husbands (n = 82 subjects) at each time point. Three instruments with established reliability and validity were used to measure three components of psychosocial adjustment: the Affects Balance Scale (mood), the Brief Symptom Inventory (symptom distress), and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (role functioning). Repeated measures Analysis of Variance was used to compare changes in subjects' adjustment levels over time. Results indicated that while subjects' levels of mood and levels of role functioning improved over time, subjects' levels of distress did not improve over time. Distress levels reported by patients and husbands at 18 months were similar to levels reported at 3 days and 30 days post-surgery. The findings suggest that difficulties in psychosocial adjustment are not confined to the early phase of illness but persist over time for both patients and husbands. Nursing implications center on the importance of long-term, ongoing assessment.
尽管对乳腺癌的适应是一个持续的过程，但很少有研究在较长一段时间内评估患者及其丈夫的心理社会适应情况。这项描述性研究的目的是比较乳房切除术患者及其丈夫在三个时间点的心理社会适应情况：术后3天、30天和18个月。在每个时间点从41名乳房切除术患者及其丈夫（n = 82名受试者）那里获取数据。使用三种具有既定信效度的工具来测量心理社会适应的三个组成部分：情感平衡量表（情绪）、简明症状量表（症状困扰）和疾病心理社会适应量表（角色功能）。采用重复测量方差分析来比较受试者随时间的适应水平变化。结果表明，虽然受试者的情绪水平和角色功能水平随时间有所改善，但受试者的困扰水平并未随时间改善。患者及其丈夫在18个月时报告的困扰水平与术后3天和30天报告的水平相似。研究结果表明，心理社会适应方面的困难并不局限于疾病的早期阶段，而是在患者和丈夫中都会持续存在。护理方面的启示集中在长期、持续评估的重要性上。
