Kaplan Summer L, Edgar J Christopher, Ford Eileen G, Adgent Margaret A, Schall Joan I, Kelly Andrea, Umbach David M, Rogan Walter J, Stallings Virginia A, Darge Kassa
Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2016 Dec;46(13):1837-1847. doi: 10.1007/s00247-016-3681-0. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
Hormonally sensitive organs in the neonate can change size within days of birth as circulating maternal estrogen wanes. Although several reports document the size of these organs through infancy, few focus attention on the near-birth period. Clinical and research evaluation of hormonal and genitourinary disorders would benefit from reference size standards.
We describe the size of the uterus, ovaries, testes and breast buds in healthy term neonates.
As part of the Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study, we sonographically measured the largest diameter of these organs in sagittal, transverse and anterior-posterior planes for 194 female and 204 male newborns up to 3 days old. We calculated mean, median and percentiles for longest axis length and for volume calculated from measured diameters. We evaluated size differences by laterality, gender and race and compared our observations against published values.
Mean length and mean volume were as follows: uterus, 4.2 cm and 10.0 cm; ovary, 1.0 cm and 0.2 cm; testis, 1.1 cm and 0.3 cm (0.4 cm Lambert volume); female breast bud, 1.2 cm and 0.7 cm; male breast bud, 1.1 cm and 0.6 cm. Breast buds were larger in females than males. Laterality differences were typically below the precision of clinical measurement. No significant race differences were detected.
Using data from our large cohort together with published values, we provide guidelines for evaluating the size of reproductive organs within the first 3 days of age. Discrepancies between our results and published values are likely attributable to technique.
新生儿体内对激素敏感的器官会在出生后数天内随着母体循环雌激素水平下降而改变大小。虽然有几份报告记录了这些器官在婴儿期的大小，但很少有研究关注临近出生阶段。激素和泌尿生殖系统疾病的临床及研究评估将受益于参考尺寸标准。
我们描述了健康足月儿子宫、卵巢、睾丸和乳腺芽的大小。
作为婴儿喂养与早期发育（IFED）研究的一部分，我们对194名女婴和男婴进行超声检查，测量了这些器官在矢状面、横断面和前后平面上的最大直径，这些新生儿年龄均在3日龄以内。我们计算了最长轴长度以及根据测量直径计算出的体积的平均值、中位数和百分位数。我们评估了左右侧、性别和种族之间的大小差异，并将我们的观察结果与已发表的值进行比较。
平均长度和平均体积如下：子宫，4.2厘米和10.0立方厘米；卵巢，1.0厘米和0.2立方厘米；睾丸，1.1厘米和0.3立方厘米（兰伯特体积为0.4立方厘米）；女婴乳腺芽，1.2厘米和0.7立方厘米；男婴乳腺芽，1.1厘米和0.6立方厘米。女婴的乳腺芽比男婴的大。左右侧差异通常低于临床测量的精度。未检测到显著的种族差异。
结合我们大样本队列的数据和已发表的值，我们提供了评估出生后3天内生殖器官大小的指南。我们的结果与已发表值之间的差异可能归因于技术因素。
