MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Sep 2;65(34):898-901. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6534a3.
Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, with nearly 6 million deaths caused by tobacco use worldwide every year (1). Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use in most countries, and the majority of adult smokers initiate smoking before age 18 years (2,3). Limiting access to cigarettes among youths is an effective strategy to curb the tobacco epidemic by preventing smoking initiation and reducing the number of new smokers (3,4). CDC used the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 45 countries to examine the prevalence of current cigarette smoking, purchase of cigarettes from retail outlets, and type of cigarette purchases made among school students aged 13-15 years. The results are presented by the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions: African Region (AFR); Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR); European Region (EUR); Region of the Americas (AMR); South-East Asian Region (SEAR); and Western Pacific Region (WPR). Across all 45 countries, the median overall current cigarette smoking prevalence among students aged 13-15 years was 6.8% (range = 1.7% [Kazakhstan]-28.9% [Timor-Leste]); the median prevalence among boys was 9.7% (2.0% [Kazakhstan]-53.5% [Timor-Leste]), and among girls was 3.5% (0.0% [Bangladesh]-26.3% [Italy]). The proportion of current cigarette smokers aged 13-15 years who reported purchasing cigarettes from a retail outlet such as a store, street vendor, or kiosk during the past 30 days ranged from 14.9% [Latvia] to 95.1% [Montenegro], and in approximately half the countries, exceeded 50%. In the majority of countries assessed in AFR and SEAR, approximately 40% of cigarette smokers aged 13-15 years reported purchasing individual cigarettes. Approximately half of smokers in all but one country assessed in EUR reported purchasing cigarettes in packs. These findings could be used by countries to inform tobacco control strategies in the retail environment to reduce and prevent marketing and sales of tobacco products to youths (5).
烟草使用是导致发病和死亡的主要可预防原因，全世界每年有近 600 万人因烟草使用而死亡 (1)。在大多数国家，香烟是最常见的烟草使用形式，大多数成年吸烟者在 18 岁之前开始吸烟 (2,3)。限制青少年接触香烟是遏制烟草流行的有效策略，可通过防止吸烟开始和减少新烟民数量来实现 (3,4)。CDC 使用来自 45 个国家的全球青少年烟草调查 (GYTS) 数据，调查了 13-15 岁在校学生的当前吸烟率、从零售店购买香烟的情况以及购买的香烟类型。结果按照世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的六个区域呈现：非洲区域 (AFR)；东地中海区域 (EMR)；欧洲区域 (EUR)；美洲区域 (AMR)；东南亚区域 (SEAR)；和西太平洋区域 (WPR)。在所有 45 个国家中，13-15 岁学生的总体当前吸烟率中位数为 6.8%（范围为 1.7%[哈萨克斯坦]-28.9%[东帝汶]）；男生的吸烟率中位数为 9.7%（2.0%[哈萨克斯坦]-53.5%[东帝汶]），女生为 3.5%（0.0%[孟加拉国]-26.3%[意大利]）。在过去 30 天内报告从零售店（如商店、街头小贩或售货亭）购买香烟的 13-15 岁当前吸烟者比例在 14.9%[拉脱维亚]至 95.1%[黑山]之间不等，在大约一半的国家中，这一比例超过 50%。在 AFR 和 SEAR 评估的大多数国家中，大约 40%的 13-15 岁吸烟青少年报告购买单支香烟。在除一个国家之外的所有 EUR 评估国家中，大约一半的吸烟者报告购买成包香烟。这些发现可被国家用于为零售环境中的烟草控制策略提供信息，以减少和防止向青少年销售烟草产品 (5)。
