Rani Manju, Thamarangsi Thaksaphon, Agarwal Naveen
Regional Advisor, (NCD and Tobacco Surveillance), World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, India.
Director, Noncommunicable Diseases and Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2017 Sep;61(Suppl 1):S12-S17. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_241_17.
Nearly half of all male population and two in every five females in the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR) consume some form of tobacco. Preventing initiation among adolescents is critical for overall tobacco control. We assessed the trends in youth tobacco use and policies in SEAR. Data are used from school-based youth (Global Youth Tobacco Survey and global school student-based health survey) and adult (Global Adult Tobacco Survey, STEPS) tobacco surveys and the WHO Framework of Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation database. More than 10% of 13-15-year-old adolescent students reported tobacco use in 8 out of 11 countries. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco exceeded that of cigarettes except in Indonesia, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. No consistent declining trends in tobacco use were observed in any of the countries with 3 or more data points. More than half of all daily smokers aged 20-34 years initiated "daily" smoking before 20 years of age. 19% (Bangladesh) to 55% (Timor-Leste) of 13-17-year old students tried their first cigarette before their 14th birthday. Majority of adolescent students in most of the SEAR countries reported purchasing their cigarettes from store/shop/vendor and as single sticks, with few exceptions and purchased them as "single" cigarette. There is a limited change in affordability of cigarettes in SEAR over time. Tobacco use remains high among youth in SEAR. Efforts should be strengthened to fully implement/enforce recommended policy measures (legal minimum age, fiscal measures to reduce tobacco affordability; prohibiting sale of single cigarettes, etc.) and to explore new measures (e.g., tobacco-free generation).
在世卫组织东南亚区域（SEAR），近一半的男性人口和五分之二的女性使用某种形式的烟草。预防青少年开始吸烟对于全面控烟至关重要。我们评估了东南亚区域青少年烟草使用情况和相关政策的趋势。数据来自基于学校的青少年（全球青少年烟草调查和全球基于学校学生的健康调查）以及成人（全球成人烟草调查、STEPS）烟草调查，还有世卫组织《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）实施数据库。在11个国家中的8个国家，超过10%的13 - 15岁青少年学生报告有烟草使用行为。除印度尼西亚、泰国和东帝汶外，无烟烟草的流行率超过了卷烟。在有3个或更多数据点的国家中，未观察到烟草使用呈一致下降趋势。所有20 - 34岁的每日吸烟者中，超过一半在20岁之前就开始“每日”吸烟。13 - 17岁的学生中，19%（孟加拉国）至55%（东帝汶）在14岁生日之前就尝试了第一支香烟。东南亚区域大多数国家的青少年学生大多报告是从商店/店铺/小贩处购买香烟，且是单支购买，只有少数例外情况是成包购买。随着时间推移，东南亚区域卷烟的可负担性变化有限。东南亚区域青少年中的烟草使用仍然很普遍。应加强努力，全面实施/执行推荐的政策措施（法定最低年龄、降低烟草可负担性的财政措施；禁止单支香烟销售等），并探索新措施（例如，无烟草一代）。
