用于意识障碍患者的脑机接口。
Brain-computer interfaces for patients with disorders of consciousness.
作者信息
Gibson R M, Owen A M, Cruse D
机构信息
The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Prog Brain Res. 2016;228:241-91. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 May 10.
The disorders of consciousness refer to clinical conditions that follow a severe head injury. Patients diagnosed as in a vegetative state lack awareness, while patients diagnosed as in a minimally conscious state retain fluctuating awareness. However, it is a challenge to accurately diagnose these disorders with clinical assessments of behavior. To improve diagnostic accuracy, neuroimaging-based approaches have been developed to detect the presence or absence of awareness in patients who lack overt responsiveness. For the small subset of patients who retain awareness, brain-computer interfaces could serve as tools for communication and environmental control. Here we review the existing literature concerning the sensory and cognitive abilities of patients with disorders of consciousness with respect to existing brain-computer interface designs. We highlight the challenges of device development for this special population and address some of the most promising approaches for future investigations.
意识障碍是指严重头部受伤后的临床状况。被诊断为处于植物状态的患者缺乏意识，而被诊断为处于微意识状态的患者保留波动的意识。然而，通过行为的临床评估准确诊断这些障碍具有挑战性。为了提高诊断准确性，已开发出基于神经影像学的方法来检测缺乏明显反应的患者是否存在意识。对于保留意识的一小部分患者，脑机接口可作为沟通和环境控制的工具。在此，我们回顾了关于意识障碍患者的感觉和认知能力与现有脑机接口设计相关的现有文献。我们强调了针对这一特殊人群进行设备开发的挑战，并探讨了一些未来研究中最有前景的方法。
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