Terni Beatrice, López-Murcia Francisco José, Llobet Artur
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Brain Res Bull. 2017 Mar;129:74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.017. Epub 2016 Sep 4.
During the embryonic development of the nervous system there is a massive formation of synapses. However, the exuberant connectivity present after birth must be pruned during postnatal growth to optimize the function of neuronal circuits. Whilst glial cells play a fundamental role in the formation of early synaptic contacts, their contribution to developmental modifications of established synapses is not well understood. The present review aims to highlight the various roles of glia in the developmental refinement of embryonic synaptic connectivity. We summarize recent evidences linking secretory abilities of glial cells to the disassembly of synaptic contacts that are complementary of a well-established phagocytic role. Considering a theoretical framework, it is discussed how release of glial molecules could be relevant to the developmental refinement of synaptic connectivity. Finally, we propose a three-stage model of synapse elimination in which neurons and glia are functionally associated to timely eliminate synapses.
在神经系统的胚胎发育过程中，会大量形成突触。然而，出生后存在的过度连接必须在出生后的生长过程中进行修剪，以优化神经回路的功能。虽然神经胶质细胞在早期突触接触的形成中起着基本作用，但它们对已建立突触的发育修饰的贡献尚不清楚。本综述旨在强调神经胶质细胞在胚胎突触连接发育细化中的各种作用。我们总结了最近将神经胶质细胞的分泌能力与突触接触的拆解联系起来的证据，这与已确立的吞噬作用相辅相成。考虑到一个理论框架，讨论了神经胶质分子的释放如何与突触连接的发育细化相关。最后，我们提出了一个突触消除的三阶段模型，其中神经元和神经胶质细胞在功能上相互关联，以适时消除突触。
