Chitme Havagiray R, Al Shibli Sumaiya Abdallah Said, Al-Shamiry Raya Mahmood
Oman Medical College, Muscat, Oman.
Oman Med J. 2016 Sep;31(5):370-7. doi: 10.5001/omj.2016.73.
We sought to conduct a detailed study on the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Omani women to determine the actual and applicable risk factors and glucose profile in this population.
We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study using pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Pregnant women without GDM were used as a control group. We collected information related to age, family history, prior history of pregnancy complications, age of marriage, age of first pregnancy, fasting glucose level, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results from three hospitals in Oman through face-to-face interviews and hospital records.
The median age of women with GDM was 33 years old (p < 0.050). A significant risk was noted in women with a history of diabetes (p < 0.001), and those with mothers' with a history of GDM. A significant (p < 0.010) relationship with a likelihood ratio of 43.9 was observed between the incidence of GDM in women with five or six pregnancies, a history of > 3 deliveries, height < 155 cm, and pregnancy or marriage at age < 18 years (p < 0.010). The mean difference in random plasma glucose, one-hour OGTT, and two-hour OGTT was significantly higher in GDM cases compared to control.
Glucose profile, family history, anthropometric profile, and age of first pregnancy and marriage should be considered while screening for GDM and determining the care needs of Omani women with GDM.
我们试图对阿曼女性妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的危险因素进行详细研究，以确定该人群中实际适用的危险因素和血糖情况。
我们对被诊断为GDM的孕妇进行了一项横断面病例对照研究。未患GDM的孕妇作为对照组。我们通过面对面访谈和医院记录，从阿曼的三家医院收集了与年龄、家族史、既往妊娠并发症史、结婚年龄、首次怀孕年龄、空腹血糖水平以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果相关的信息。
GDM女性的中位年龄为33岁（p < 0.050）。有糖尿病病史的女性（p < 0.001）以及母亲有GDM病史的女性存在显著风险。在有五次或六次妊娠史、分娩次数>3次、身高<155 cm以及18岁之前怀孕或结婚的女性中，观察到GDM发病率与显著（p < 0.010）的关系，似然比为43.9（p < 0.010）。与对照组相比，GDM病例的随机血糖、1小时OGTT和2小时OGTT的平均差异显著更高。
在筛查GDM以及确定阿曼GDM女性的护理需求时，应考虑血糖情况、家族史、人体测量情况以及首次怀孕和结婚的年龄。
