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为何大脑不是计算机,为何行为主义不是撒旦崇拜,以及为何海豚不是水猿。

Why Brains Are Not Computers, Why Behaviorism Is Not Satanism, and Why Dolphins Are Not Aquatic Apes.

作者信息

Barrett Louise

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, T1K 6T5 Canada.

出版信息

Behav Anal. 2015 Nov 11;39(1):9-23. doi: 10.1007/s40614-015-0047-0. eCollection 2016 May.

Abstract

Modern psychology has, to all intents and purposes, become synonymous with cognitive psychology, with an emphasis on the idea that the brain is a form of computer, whose job is to take in sensory input, process information, and produce motor output. This places the brain at a remove from both the body and environment and denies the intimate connection that exists between them. As a result, a great injustice is done to both human and nonhuman animals: On the one hand, we fail to recognize the distinctive nature of nonhuman cognition, and on the other hand, we continue to promote a somewhat misleading view of human psychological capacities. Here, I suggest a more mutualistic, embodied, enactive view might allow us to ask more interesting questions about how animals of all kinds come to know their worlds, in ways that avoid the (inevitable) anthropocentric baggage of the cognitivist viewpoint.

摘要

实际上,现代心理学已几乎等同于认知心理学,其强调大脑是一种计算机形式的观点,即大脑的工作是接收感官输入、处理信息并产生运动输出。这使得大脑与身体和环境相脱离,否认了它们之间存在的紧密联系。结果,人类和非人类动物都受到了极大的不公正对待:一方面,我们没有认识到非人类认知的独特本质;另一方面,我们继续宣扬一种在某种程度上具有误导性的人类心理能力观点。在此,我认为一种更具互利共生、具身性和生成性的观点或许能让我们以避免认知主义观点中(不可避免的)人类中心主义包袱的方式,提出更多关于各类动物如何认识它们的世界的有趣问题。

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