哮喘中的微生物组
The microbiome in asthma.
作者信息
Noval Rivas Magali, Crother Timothy R, Arditi Moshe
机构信息
aDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Infectious and Immunological Diseases Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center bDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Dec;28(6):764-771. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000419.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease with strong genetic and environmental components that manifests within a variety of clinical features and diverse patterns of immune responses. Asthma prevalence has dramatically increased over the last decade in Westernized societies, thereby suggesting a key function of environmental factors in disease promotion and development.
RECENT FINDINGS
'Early-life' microbial exposure and bacterial colonization are crucial for the maturation and the education of the immune system. The commensal flora is also critical in order to maintain immune homeostasis at the mucosal surfaces and may consequently play an important function in allergic disease development. Recent evidence demonstrates that asthma influences and is also impacted by the composition and function of the human intestinal and respiratory microbiome.
SUMMARY
In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on how asthma development is connected with respiratory and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. We highlight and discuss recent research that reveals the existence of a 'gut-lung' microbial axis and its impact on asthma development. We also analyze how 'early-life' microbial exposure affects the immune response and the consequences for asthma development.
综述目的
哮喘是一种复杂的异质性疾病，具有强大的遗传和环境因素，表现为多种临床特征和不同的免疫反应模式。在过去十年中，西方社会的哮喘患病率急剧上升，这表明环境因素在疾病的促进和发展中起着关键作用。
最新发现
“生命早期”的微生物暴露和细菌定植对于免疫系统的成熟和训练至关重要。共生菌群对于维持黏膜表面的免疫稳态也至关重要，因此可能在过敏性疾病的发展中发挥重要作用。最近的证据表明，哮喘会影响人类肠道和呼吸道微生物群的组成和功能，同时也会受到其影响。
总结
在本综述中，我们总结了关于哮喘发展如何与呼吸道和肠道微生物失调相关的最新发现。我们强调并讨论了最近的研究，这些研究揭示了“肠-肺”微生物轴的存在及其对哮喘发展的影响。我们还分析了“生命早期”的微生物暴露如何影响免疫反应以及对哮喘发展的后果。
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