Fujimura Kei E, Lynch Susan V
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2015 May 13;17(5):592-602. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.007.
Asthma and atopy, classically associated with hyper-activation of the T helper 2 (Th2) arm of adaptive immunity, are among the most common chronic illnesses worldwide. Emerging evidence relates atopy and asthma to the composition and function of the human microbiome, the collection of microbes that reside in and on and interact with the human body. The ability to interrogate microbial ecology of the human host is due in large part to recent technological developments that permit identification of microbes and their products using culture-independent molecular detection techniques. In this review we explore the roles of respiratory, gut, and environmental microbiomes in asthma and allergic disease development, manifestation, and attenuation. Though still a relatively nascent field of research, evidence to date suggests that the airway and/or gut microbiome may represent fertile targets for prevention or management of allergic asthma and other diseases in which adaptive immune dysfunction is a prominent feature.
哮喘和特应性疾病，传统上与适应性免疫的辅助性T细胞2（Th2）亚群的过度激活有关，是全球最常见的慢性疾病之一。新出现的证据将特应性疾病和哮喘与人类微生物群的组成和功能联系起来，人类微生物群是指存在于人体内、体表并与人体相互作用的微生物集合。能够探究人类宿主的微生物生态，在很大程度上归功于最近的技术发展，这些技术允许使用不依赖培养的分子检测技术来鉴定微生物及其产物。在这篇综述中，我们探讨呼吸道、肠道和环境微生物群在哮喘和过敏性疾病的发生、表现和缓解中的作用。尽管这仍然是一个相对新兴的研究领域，但迄今为止的证据表明，气道和/或肠道微生物群可能是预防或治疗过敏性哮喘和其他以适应性免疫功能障碍为突出特征的疾病的理想靶点。
