Trevizan Lucas Noboru Fatori, Nascimento Kamilla Felipe do, Santos Joyce Alencar, Kassuya Candida Aparecida Leite, Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima, Vieira Maria do Carmo, Moreira Flora Martinez Figueira, Croda Julio, Formagio Anelise Samara Nazari
Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados UFGD, MS, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Nov 4;192:510-515. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.053. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
The leaves of Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) are traditionally used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent; however, there are no scientific studies demonstrating its activity essential oil. The content of essential oil in A. edulis may be the chemical basis to explain its ethnobotanical uses, since infusions of this plant are used to treat inflammation in the traditional medicine in Brazil.
This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-mycobacterial activities of the essential oil (EOAE) and viridiflorol, its main compound.
Essential oil from fresh leaves of A. edulis (EOAE) was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. Forty-one compounds, accounting for 99.10% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituent of the oil was viridiflorol (30.88%). Additionally, the essential oil and viridiflorol were evaluated using an in vitro test against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Both EOAE (30 and 100mg/kg) and viridiflorol (3 and 30mg/kg) by oral administration were assayed in carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema and pleurisy using subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg) as the positive control.
EOAE and viridiflorol displayed moderate in vitro activity in the M. tuberculosis assay. In all tests, EOAE and viridiflorol showed moderate antioxidant activity compared with reference standards. Both EOAE and viridiflorol showed significant inhibition in the carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema via oral administration of the oil (30 and 100mg/kg), compound (3 and 30mg/kg), and subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg, reference drug). Also EOAE and viridiflorol significantly inhibited carrageenan (Cg) induced pleurisy, reducing the migration of total leucocytes in mice by 62±5% (30mg/kg of oil), 35±8% (100mg/kg of oil), 71±5% (3mg/kg of viridiflorol) and 57±3% (30mg/kg of viridiflorol).
For the first time, the results from this work corroborate the literature, showing that A. edulis can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, both EOAE and viridiflorol exhibited biological activities, such as anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
食用异木患（Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Radlk.，无患子科）的叶子传统上被用作天然抗炎剂；然而，尚无科学研究证明其精油的活性。食用异木患中精油的含量可能是解释其民族植物学用途的化学基础，因为在巴西传统医学中，这种植物的浸剂被用于治疗炎症。
本研究评估了食用异木患精油（EOAE）及其主要成分绿花白千层醇的抗炎、抗氧化和抗分枝杆菌活性。
采用克莱文杰型装置通过水蒸馏法从食用异木患新鲜叶子中提取精油（EOAE）。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）鉴定出41种化合物，占精油的99.10%。该精油的主要成分是绿花白千层醇（30.88%）。此外，使用针对结核分枝杆菌的体外试验以及2,2 - 二苯基 - 1 - 苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2'- 偶氮 - 双（3 - 乙基苯并噻唑啉 - 6 - 磺酸）（ABTS）测定法对精油和绿花白千层醇进行评估。通过口服给予EOAE（30和100mg/kg）和绿花白千层醇（3和30mg/kg），并以皮下注射地塞米松（0.5mg/kg）作为阳性对照，测定角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠足爪水肿和胸膜炎。
EOAE和绿花白千层醇在结核分枝杆菌试验中表现出中等体外活性。在所有试验中，与参考标准相比，EOAE和绿花白千层醇均表现出中等抗氧化活性。通过口服给予精油（30和100mg/kg）、化合物（3和30mg/kg）以及皮下注射地塞米松（0.5mg/kg，参考药物），EOAE和绿花白千层醇对角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠足爪水肿均表现出显著抑制作用。此外，EOAE和绿花白千层醇还显著抑制角叉菜胶（Cg）诱导的胸膜炎，使小鼠体内总白细胞迁移减少62±5%（30mg/kg精油）、35±8%（100mg/kg精油）、71±5%（3mg/kg绿花白千层醇）和57±3%（30mg/kg绿花白千层醇）。
这项工作的结果首次证实了文献报道，表明食用异木患可作为天然抗炎剂。此外，EOAE和绿花白千层醇均表现出生物活性，如抗分枝杆菌、抗炎和抗氧化活性。
