Schmitt Marco, Watanabe Toshihiro, Jansen Steven
Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, 060-8589 Sapporo, Japan.
AoB Plants. 2016 Oct 27;8. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plw065. Print 2016.
Aluminium (Al) is a phytotoxic element affecting the growth and yield of many crop plants, especially in the tropics. Yet, some plants are able to accumulate high levels of Al. The monogeneric family Symplocaceae represents an Al accumulating family including many tropical and evergreen species with high Al levels in their above ground plant tissues. It is unclear, however, whether Al accumulation also characterises temperate species of Symplocos, and whether or not the uptake has a beneficial growth effect. Here, we investigate if the temperate, deciduous species Symplocos paniculata is able to accumulate Al by growing seedlings and saplings in a hydroponic setup at pH 4 with and without Al. Pyrocatechol-violet (PCV) and aluminon staining was performed to visualize Al accumulation in various plant tissues. Both seedlings and saplings accumulate Al in their tissues if available. Mean Al levels in leaves were 4107 (±1474 mg kg) and 4290 (±4025 mg kg) for the seedlings and saplings, respectively. The saplings treated without Al showed a high mortality rate unlike the Al accumulating ones. The seedlings, however, showed no difference in growth and vitality between the two treatments. The saplings treated with Al showed new twig, leaf and root development, resulting in a considerable biomass increase. PCV and aluminon staining indicated the presence of Al in leaf, wood and bark tissue of the plants. S. paniculata shares the capacity to accumulate Al with its tropical sister species and is suggested to be a facultative accumulator. Whether or not Al has a beneficial effect remains unclear, due to developmental differences between seedlings and saplings. Al is suggested to be transported via the xylem transport system into the leaves, which show the highest Al levels. Radial transport via ray parenchyma to bark tissue is also likely given the high Al concentrations in the bark tissue.
铝（Al）是一种对许多农作物的生长和产量具有毒害作用的元素，在热带地区尤为如此。然而，一些植物能够积累高水平的铝。单属科山矾科是一个积累铝的科，包括许多热带和常绿物种，其地上植物组织中的铝含量很高。然而，尚不清楚铝积累是否也是山矾属温带物种的特征，以及这种吸收是否对生长有有益影响。在这里，我们通过在pH值为4的水培环境中，分别在有铝和无铝的条件下培养山矾的幼苗和幼树，来研究温带落叶物种圆锥山矾是否能够积累铝。采用邻苯二酚紫（PCV）和铝试剂染色来观察铝在各种植物组织中的积累情况。如果有铝，幼苗和幼树的组织中都会积累铝。幼苗和幼树叶片中的平均铝含量分别为4107（±1474毫克/千克）和4290（±4025毫克/千克）。未处理铝的幼树死亡率很高，而积累铝的幼树则不然。然而，两种处理下的幼苗在生长和活力方面没有差异。用铝处理的幼树表现出新的嫩枝、叶片和根系发育，导致生物量显著增加。PCV和铝试剂染色表明植物的叶片、木材和树皮组织中存在铝。圆锥山矾与其热带姊妹物种一样具有积累铝的能力，被认为是一种兼性积累者。由于幼苗和幼树之间的发育差异，铝是否具有有益作用仍不清楚。铝被认为是通过木质部运输系统运输到叶片中，叶片中的铝含量最高。考虑到树皮组织中铝的高浓度，通过射线薄壁细胞向树皮组织的径向运输也很可能发生。
