实施立法（公共场合）禁烟对家庭自愿吸烟限制的影响：一项综述
Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review.
作者信息
Monson Eva, Arsenault Nicole
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Feb;19(2):141-148. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw171. Epub 2016 Jul 12.
INTRODUCTION
The positive effects of worldwide increases in enactment of legislative bans on smoking in public areas have been well documented. Relatively little is known about the effects of such bans on voluntary home smoking behavior. Meanwhile, private spaces, such as homes, have replaced public spaces as the primary milieu of secondhand smoke exposure.
METHODS
A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using multiple databases including Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Embase, Global Health, Health Star, Joanna Briggs, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PAIS International, PubMed, and Web of Science. We examined peer-reviewed studies that considered the impact of legislation-based public smoking bans on enactment of private home smoking restrictions.
RESULTS
Sixteen articles published between 2002 and 2014 were identified and included. Our results suggest overall positive effects post-legislative ban with the majority of studies demonstrating significant increases in home smoking restrictions. Studies focusing on smoking and nonsmoking samples as well as child populations are discussed in depth.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing evidence indicates an overall significant positive effect post-legislative ban on voluntary home smoking restrictions. While disentangling these effects over space and time remains a challenge, scientific research has converged in dispelling any notion of significant displacement of smoking into the home. Policy makers, especially those in countries without existing public smoking legislation, can rest assured that these types of bans contribute to the minimization of tobacco-related harm.
IMPLICATIONS
Findings converge in dispelling notions of displacement of smoking into the home as a consequence of legislative bans that prohibit smoking in public spaces. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggests that through their influence on social norms, legislative bans on smoking in public places may encourage citizens to establish voluntary home smoking restrictions, thus decreasing harm related to secondhand smoke.
引言
全球范围内公共场所吸烟立法禁令的实施所带来的积极影响已有充分记录。然而，对于此类禁令对家庭自愿吸烟行为的影响，我们所知相对较少。与此同时，诸如家庭等私人空间已取代公共场所，成为二手烟暴露的主要环境。
方法
使用多个数据库对同行评审文章进行系统检索，这些数据库包括考克兰图书馆、护理学与健康领域数据库、荷兰医学文摘数据库、全球健康数据库、健康之星数据库、乔安娜·布里格斯循证卫生保健中心数据库、医学索引数据库、心理学文摘数据库、公共事务信息服务数据库国际版、医学期刊数据库以及科学引文索引数据库。我们考察了那些探讨基于立法的公共场所吸烟禁令对家庭吸烟限制实施情况影响的同行评审研究。
结果
共识别并纳入了2002年至2014年间发表的16篇文章。我们的结果表明，立法禁令实施后总体呈现积极影响，大多数研究表明家庭吸烟限制显著增加。文中深入讨论了针对吸烟和非吸烟样本以及儿童群体的研究。
结论
现有证据表明，立法禁令实施后对家庭自愿吸烟限制总体产生显著的积极影响。尽管在空间和时间上厘清这些影响仍具挑战性，但科学研究已趋于一致，消除了吸烟大量转移至家庭的观念。政策制定者，尤其是那些所在国家尚无公共场所吸烟立法的政策制定者，可以放心，此类禁令有助于将烟草相关危害降至最低。
启示
研究结果趋于一致，消除了因公共场所吸烟立法禁令导致吸烟转移至家庭的观念。所审查研究的证据表明，通过对社会规范的影响，公共场所吸烟立法禁令可能会鼓励公民建立家庭自愿吸烟限制，从而减少与二手烟相关的危害。
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