Cuyckens Griet An Erica, Mochi Lucía Sol, Vallejos María, Perovic Pablo Gastón, Biganzoli Fernando
Centro de Estudios Territoriales Ambientales y Sociales (CETAS), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Environ Manage. 2016 Nov;58(5):810-820. doi: 10.1007/s00267-016-0755-6. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
Roads have important effects on wildlife, such as natural habitat fragmentation and degradation and direct killing of fauna, which leads to reductions in wildlife population size. We focused on a principal road in Northwest Argentina to test for the effect of seasonality and landscape features on the composition of road-killed wildlife. We conducted regularly scheduled road trips during the dry and wet seasons. We recorded the presence or absence of a vegetation curtain or hedge along the road. We measured land use by remote sensing in a 500 m buffer along the road. We compared the abundance of animals killed between seasons (dry and wet) for different taxonomic groups (mammals, birds and reptiles) and for different origins (domestic and native). We built linear mixed models to test the effect of landscape features on the abundance of killed animals. Two hundred and ninety-three individuals were killed, belonging to 35 species; 75.8 % were native and 24.2 % domestic species. The majority of animals killed were mid-sized mammals. More animals were killed during the dry season. The most important factors to explain the wildlife road-killing were the season and the proportion of agricultural landscape. The composition of the killed animals changed with the season. The proportion of agricultural landscape incremented the number of killed birds and mammals during both seasons, without affecting reptiles. The ratio of wild to domestic animals killed was dependent on the season. This study sets a precedent as the first in road ecology in Northwest Argentina and should be taken into account for road planning and regulation.
道路对野生动物有重要影响，例如导致自然栖息地破碎化和退化，以及直接捕杀动物，进而致使野生动物种群数量减少。我们聚焦于阿根廷西北部的一条主要道路，以测试季节性和景观特征对道路死亡野生动物组成的影响。我们在旱季和雨季定期进行道路巡查。我们记录道路沿线是否存在植被屏障或树篱。我们通过遥感测量道路沿线500米缓冲区内的土地利用情况。我们比较了不同分类群（哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物）以及不同来源（家养和本地）的动物在不同季节（旱季和雨季）的死亡数量。我们构建线性混合模型来测试景观特征对死亡动物数量的影响。共记录到293只动物死亡，分属35个物种；其中75.8%为本地物种，24.2%为家养物种。死亡的动物大多是中型哺乳动物。旱季死亡的动物更多。解释野生动物道路死亡现象的最重要因素是季节和农业景观所占比例。死亡动物的组成随季节变化。农业景观比例在两个季节均增加了鸟类和哺乳动物死亡的数量，但对爬行动物没有影响。野生与家养动物的死亡比例取决于季节。本研究开创了阿根廷西北部道路生态学研究先河，道路规划与管理应予以考虑。
