Kaner Jolie, Schaack Sarah
Department of Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA.
Global Health. 2016 Sep 13;12(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0194-4.
Near the end of 2013, an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) began in Guinea, subsequently spreading to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. As this epidemic grew, important public health questions emerged about how and why this outbreak was so different from previous episodes. This review provides a synthetic synopsis of the 2014-15 outbreak, with the aim of understanding its unprecedented spread. We present a summary of the history of previous epidemics, describe the structure and genetics of the ebolavirus, and review our current understanding of viral vectors and the latest treatment practices. We conclude with an analysis of the public health challenges epidemic responders faced and some of the lessons that could be applied to future outbreaks of Ebola or other viruses.
2013年末，扎伊尔埃博拉病毒（EBOV）在几内亚爆发，随后蔓延至邻国利比里亚和塞拉利昂。随着疫情的发展，出现了一些重要的公共卫生问题，即此次疫情为何以及如何与以往疫情如此不同。本综述对2014 - 2015年的疫情进行了综合概述，旨在了解其前所未有的传播情况。我们总结了以往疫情的历史，描述了埃博拉病毒的结构和遗传学，并回顾了我们目前对病毒载体和最新治疗方法的理解。最后，我们分析了疫情应对者面临的公共卫生挑战以及一些可应用于未来埃博拉或其他病毒爆发的经验教训。
