Lidón-Moyano Cristina, Martínez-Sánchez Jose M, Fu Marcela, Ballbè Montse, Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos, Martínez Cristina, Saltó Esteve, Fernández Esteve
Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Tob Control. 2016 Sep;26(5):557-562. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053114. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
To assess the impact of two Spanish smoking legislations in the adoption of voluntary smoke-free-homes rules in Spain.
This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans (in 2005 and 2010), in a representative sample (n=1245) of non-institutionalised adults (≥16 years) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014. The final sample analysed was 736 individuals (400 women and 336 men). We defined smoking rules in the houses as complete (when smoking was not allowed in the household), partial (when smoking was allowed in some places inside the house) or absent (when smoking was allowed everywhere). We calculated relative changes in the prevalence of smoking rules in homes before and after 2 national smoking legislations by means of prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs.
The households with voluntary smoke-free rules (complete or partial) relatively increased 31% after Spanish smoking bans (from 55.6% to 72.6%, p<0.001). The houses with complete rules relatively increased 57% (from 23.9% to 37.6%, p<0.001) whereas the houses with partial rules increased 11% (from 31.7% to 35.0%, p=0.148). The increase of any type of rules (complete and partial) was statistically significantly independent of sex (PR between 1.29 and 1.33), age (PR between 1.24 and 1.33), educational level (PR between 1.19 and 1.47) and minimum age in house (PR between 1.12 and 1.40). However, this increase was statistically and significantly higher only among never smokers (PR=1.46) at baseline.
The implementation of the smoke-free regulations in public and work places in Spain was associated with an increasing of voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes. According to our data, the Spanish smoking bans did not shift the tobacco consumption from public and work places to private places (homes).
评估西班牙两项吸烟相关立法对该国采用家庭自愿无烟规则的影响。
这是一项纵向研究，在两项全国性吸烟禁令实施前后（2005年和2010年），对来自西班牙巴塞罗那的非机构化成年人（≥16岁）的代表性样本（n = 1245）进行调查，该样本于2004 - 2005年进行首次调查，并于2013 - 2014年进行随访。最终分析的样本为736人（400名女性和336名男性）。我们将家庭中的吸烟规则定义为完全无烟（家中任何地方都不允许吸烟）、部分无烟（家中某些地方允许吸烟）或无限制（家中各处都允许吸烟）。我们通过患病率比（PRs）及其95%置信区间计算了两项全国性吸烟立法前后家庭吸烟规则患病率的相对变化。
西班牙实施吸烟禁令后，实行自愿无烟规则（完全或部分）的家庭相对增加了31%（从55.6%增至72.6%，p < 0.001）。完全无烟规则的家庭相对增加了57%（从23.9%增至37.6%，p < 0.001），而部分无烟规则的家庭增加了11%（从3I.7%增至35.0%，p = 0.148）。任何类型规则（完全和部分）的增加在统计学上均与性别（PR在1.29至1.33之间）、年龄（PR在1.24至1.33之间）、教育水平（PR在1.19至1.47之间）以及家中最小年龄（PR在1.12至1.40之间）无关。然而，这种增加仅在基线时从不吸烟者中在统计学上显著更高（PR = 1.46）。
西班牙在公共场所和工作场所实施无烟规定与家庭中自愿采用无烟规则的增加有关。根据我们的数据,西班牙的吸烟禁令并未使烟草消费从公共场所和工作场所转移到私人场所（家庭）。
