Lidón-Moyano Cristina, Fu Marcela, Perez-Ortuño Raúl, Ballbè Montse, Sampedro-Vida Marc, Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos, Pascual José A, Fernández Esteve, Martínez-Sánchez Jose M
Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2017 Dec;51:87-91. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.10.011. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
In Spain, two smoke-free laws have been passed (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010).This study evaluates the association between Spanish smoking legislations and the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in an adult non-smoking population cohort in Barcelona (Spain).
This is a longitudinal study, before and after the implementation of two national smoking bans, in a representative sample of adults (≥16years old) from Barcelona (Spain) surveyed in 2004-2005 and followed up in 2013-2014 (n=736). We only analyzed non-smokers (n=397). We obtained 9ml of saliva sample for analysis of cotinine, a biomarker of recent tobacco exposure. We calculated geometric means of salivary cotinine concentration and their geometric standard deviation. We used linear mixed effect models, with individuals as random effects, to model the percentage change in salivary cotinine concentration and their 95% confidence intervals.
The percentage of participants with saliva samples with measurable concentrations of cotinine fell from 92.4% to 64.2% after both Spanish smoking legislations. The geometric mean of salivary cotinine concentration significantly decreased 88% (from 0.98ng/mL to 0.12ng/mL, p<0.001) after the implementation of the two Spanish smoke-free legislations. The decrease of the GM salivary cotinine concentration was statistically significant independently of the sociodemographic variables.
There was a large reduction in the salivary cotinine concentration among adult non-smokers and higher cotinine concentrations among those declaring exposure to SHS at home after both legislations. Moreover, after both Spanish smoke-free laws salivary cotinine concentration was homogenized according to sociodemographic variables.
在西班牙，已通过两项无烟法律（第28/2005号法律和第42/2010号法律）。本研究评估西班牙吸烟立法与西班牙巴塞罗那成年非吸烟人群队列中二手烟暴露之间的关联。
这是一项纵向研究，在两项国家吸烟禁令实施前后，对2004 - 2005年在西班牙巴塞罗那调查的16岁及以上成年人的代表性样本进行研究，并于2013 - 2014年进行随访（n = 736）。我们仅分析非吸烟者（n = 397）。我们获取了9毫升唾液样本用于分析可替宁，这是近期烟草暴露的生物标志物。我们计算了唾液可替宁浓度的几何均值及其几何标准差。我们使用以个体为随机效应的线性混合效应模型，对唾液可替宁浓度的百分比变化及其95%置信区间进行建模。
在两项西班牙吸烟立法之后，唾液样本中可检测到可替宁浓度的参与者百分比从92.4%降至64.2%。在两项西班牙无烟立法实施后，唾液可替宁浓度的几何均值显著下降了88%（从0.98纳克/毫升降至0.12纳克/毫升，p < 0.001）。唾液可替宁浓度几何均值的下降在统计学上具有显著性，且与社会人口统计学变量无关。
两项立法之后，成年非吸烟者的唾液可替宁浓度大幅降低，而那些宣称在家中接触二手烟的人的可替宁浓度更高。此外，在两项西班牙无烟法律之后，唾液可替宁浓度根据社会人口统计学变量变得更加均匀。
