Kelling Sarah E, Pattin Anthony, Salim Abdulbaset, Kilgore Paul, Erickson Steven R
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Infect Dis Ther. 2016 Dec;5(4):525-533. doi: 10.1007/s40121-016-0129-7. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
The goal of the study was to identify perceived barriers to implementation of vaccination services encountered by independent and small-chain community pharmacies in an urban setting.
Pharmacists in independent and small-chain pharmacies located in 29 Michigan ZIP codes were visited and asked to complete a 5- to 10-min semi-structured interview.
A total of 93 independent and 12 small-chain pharmacies participated (n = 105; 61%). The pharmacies filled an average of 700 prescriptions each week with 1.1 pharmacist full-time equivalents and 57 h of technician time. The most common services that participating pharmacies provided were dispensing outpatient medication (99%), medication therapy management (MTM, 65.7%), disease management or coaching (54.3%), point-of-care testing (34.3%), and dispensing medications to inpatient facilities (16.2%). Only seven pharmacies (6.7%) administered vaccinations. When pharmacists were asked to identify what it would take to start to administer vaccines, the most common responses were increased demand from patients (37.1%), adequate time (19%), appropriate space (17.1%), appropriate amount of staff (14.3%), change in attitudes or beliefs of the owner or pharmacists at that pharmacy (13.3%), increased profit related to vaccines (11.4%), and increased awareness among patients about the importance of vaccines (11.4%). The majority of pharmacies (65.3%) reported that only one factor would need to change to start to administer vaccines.
Independent and small-chain community pharmacies in an urban, primarily low-income area identified several barriers that have prevented implementation of vaccination services. However, the majority of pharmacies reported that only one factor would need to change in order to begin to administer vaccines. Interventional efforts necessary to address commonly cited barriers may include providing education to pharmacists about the need for community pharmacy-based immunization programs in addition to services provided by physician offices, as well as the importance of proactively providing immunization-related recommendations to patients.
本研究的目的是确定城市环境中独立及小连锁社区药房在实施疫苗接种服务时所面临的可感知障碍。
走访了位于密歇根州29个邮政编码区域内的独立及小连锁药房的药剂师，并要求他们完成一次5至10分钟的半结构化访谈。
共有93家独立药房和12家小连锁药房参与（n = 105；61%）。这些药房平均每周调配700张处方，配备1.1名全职等效药剂师以及57小时的技术人员工时。参与调查的药房提供的最常见服务包括门诊配药（99%）、药物治疗管理（MTM，65.7%）、疾病管理或指导（54.3%）、即时检验（34.3%）以及向住院设施配药（16.2%）。只有7家药房（6.7%）进行疫苗接种。当被问及开始实施疫苗接种需要具备什么条件时，最常见的回答是患者需求增加（37.1%）、足够的时间（19%）、合适的空间（17.1%）、适量的工作人员（14.3%）、该药房店主或药剂师态度或观念的转变（13.3%）、与疫苗相关的利润增加（11.4%）以及患者对疫苗重要性的认识提高（11.4%）。大多数药房（65.3%）报告称，只需改变一个因素就能开始实施疫苗接种。
在一个主要为低收入地区的城市中，独立及小连锁社区药房确定了若干阻碍疫苗接种服务实施的障碍。然而，大多数药房报告称，只需改变一个因素就能开始实施疫苗接种。解决常见障碍所需的干预措施可能包括向药剂师提供教育，使其了解除医生办公室提供的服务外，社区药房开展免疫计划的必要性，以及向患者主动提供免疫相关建议的重要性。
