Lu Peng-Jun, O'Halloran Alissa, Ding Helen, Williams Walter W, Bridges Carolyn B, Kennedy Erin D
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
Vaccine. 2014 May 30;32(26):3198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons ≥6 months since the 2010-11 season. New partnerships between public health agencies and medical and nonmedical vaccination providers have increased the number of vaccination providers and locations where vaccination services are delivered.
Data from the 2011-12 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. Point estimates of place of vaccination and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression and predictive marginal modeling were conducted to identify factors associated with vaccination settings.
Among adults vaccinated during the 2011-12 influenza season, a doctor's office was the most common place (38.4%) for receipt of influenza vaccination, with stores (e.g., supermarkets or drug stores) (20.1%) the next common, and workplaces (17.6%) the third common. Overall, reported vaccination in nonmedical settings by state ranged from 32.2% in California to 60.4% in Nevada, with a median of 45.8%. Characteristics significantly associated with an increased likelihood of receipt of vaccination in nonmedical settings were higher education, not having certain identified high-risk conditions, not having had a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, and not having a primary doctor for health care. Being a member of a racial/ethnic minority group, unemployed or not in the work force were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of receipt of vaccination in nonmedical settings.
Doctor's offices were the most common medical setting for adult influenza vaccination; workplaces and stores were important nonmedical settings. Increasing access to vaccination services in medical and nonmedical settings should be considered as important strategies for improving vaccination coverage. These results also can help guide development of strategies for achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives for influenza vaccination of adult populations.
自2010 - 2011年流感季起，建议所有6个月及以上人群每年接种流感疫苗。公共卫生机构与医疗及非医疗疫苗接种提供者之间建立的新伙伴关系增加了疫苗接种提供者的数量以及提供疫苗接种服务的地点。
对2011 - 2012年行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据进行了分析。计算了疫苗接种地点的点估计值和95%置信区间。进行了多变量逻辑回归和预测边际建模，以确定与疫苗接种场所相关的因素。
在2011 - 2012年流感季接种疫苗的成年人中，医生办公室是接种流感疫苗最常见的场所（38.4%），其次是商店（如超市或药店）（20.1%），第三位是工作场所（17.6%）。总体而言，各州报告的在非医疗场所接种疫苗的比例从加利福尼亚州的32.2%到内华达州的60.4%不等，中位数为45.8%。与在非医疗场所接种疫苗可能性增加显著相关的特征包括受过高等教育、没有某些特定的高危疾病、在过去12个月内没有进行常规体检以及没有初级保健医生。属于种族/族裔少数群体、失业或不在劳动力队伍中与在非医疗场所接种疫苗的可能性降低显著相关。
医生办公室是成人接种流感疫苗最常见的医疗场所；工作场所和商店是重要的非医疗场所。应将增加在医疗和非医疗场所获得疫苗接种服务的机会视为提高疫苗接种覆盖率的重要策略。这些结果还可有助于指导制定实现《健康人民2020》中成人流感疫苗接种目标的策略。
