Department of Entomology, Plant Science Building, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States.
USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Bldg. 306 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 15;6:33207. doi: 10.1038/srep33207.
This study measured part of the in-hive pesticide exposome by analyzing residues from live in-hive bees, stored pollen, and wax in migratory colonies over time and compared exposure to colony health. We summarized the pesticide burden using three different additive methods: (1) the hazard quotient (HQ), an estimate of pesticide exposure risk, (2) the total number of pesticide residues, and (3) the number of relevant residues. Despite being simplistic, these models attempt to summarize potential risk from multiple contaminations in real-world contexts. Colonies performing pollination services were subject to increased pesticide exposure compared to honey-production and holding yards. We found clear links between an increase in the total number of products in wax and colony mortality. In particular, we found that fungicides with particular modes of action increased disproportionally in wax within colonies that died. The occurrence of queen events, a significant risk factor for colony health and productivity, was positively associated with all three proxies of pesticide exposure. While our exposome summation models do not fully capture the complexities of pesticide exposure, they nonetheless help elucidate their risks to colony health. Implementing and improving such models can help identify potential pesticide risks, permitting preventative actions to improve pollinator health.
本研究通过分析随时间推移在迁徙蜂群中存活的蜜蜂体内残留、储存的花粉和蜂蜡，测量了蜂箱内部分农药外显组，将其与蜂群健康状况进行了比较。我们使用三种不同的附加方法来总结农药负担：（1）危害商数（HQ），这是对农药暴露风险的估计，（2）农药残留总数，以及（3）相关残留数。尽管这些模型很简单，但它们试图在实际情况下总结来自多种污染的潜在风险。与生产蜂蜜和储存场地的蜂群相比，从事授粉服务的蜂群面临更高的农药暴露风险。我们发现，蜡中总产品数量的增加与蜂群死亡率之间存在明显联系。特别是，我们发现具有特定作用模式的杀菌剂在死亡蜂群的蜡中不成比例地增加。蜂王事件的发生是蜂群健康和生产力的一个重大风险因素，与农药暴露的所有三个指标都呈正相关。虽然我们的外显组汇总模型不能完全捕捉农药暴露的复杂性，但它们有助于阐明其对蜂群健康的风险。实施和改进这些模型可以帮助识别潜在的农药风险，采取预防措施来改善传粉者的健康。
