King B, Cotes J E
University Department of Occupational Health, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Thorax. 1989 May;44(5):402-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.44.5.402.
Results of psychometric tests were obtained on 161 male welders and other tradesmen in heavy industry who had recently been made redundant. Anxiety and depression were scored on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and negative attitudes and beliefs regarding breathlessness and related aspects of respiratory health on a semantic differential scale. Scores for attitudes and beliefs about health and personal disability were pooled to give a general attitude score. Personality was rated on a standard scale. Subjects completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and underwent routine spirometry, measurement of carbon monoxide transfer factor for the lung, and a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Scores for anxiety, depression, and negative mental attitudes were significantly intercorrelated; subjects with disordered personality profiles had above average scores for anxiety and depression. The psychometric scores were associated with clinical grade of breathlessness, lung function, and the physiological response to exercise. The general attitude score could be predicted from the anxiety and depression scores and from lung function expressed relative to age and stature, the combination of mood score and FEV1 explaining 38% of the variance in general attitude score. The general attitude score accounted for more than half the explained variance in the clinical grade of breathlessness and contributed more to the variance in maximal oxygen uptake (R2 = 0.11) than FEV1. It was associated with the level of habitual activity but not with smoking category, wheeze, chronic cough or phlegm. Thus attitude to disability reflected the subject's assessment of his exercise capacity and was closely related to the clinical grade of breathlessness.
对161名近期被裁员的男性焊工及其他重工业行业工人进行了心理测量测试。采用医院焦虑抑郁量表对焦虑和抑郁进行评分，并用语义差异量表对关于呼吸急促及呼吸健康相关方面的消极态度和信念进行评分。将关于健康和个人残疾的态度及信念得分汇总得出总体态度得分。采用标准量表对人格进行评分。受试者完成了一份关于呼吸道症状的问卷，并接受了常规肺功能测定、肺一氧化碳转运因子测量以及在自行车测力计上进行的递增运动测试。焦虑、抑郁和消极心理态度得分之间显著相互关联；人格特征紊乱的受试者焦虑和抑郁得分高于平均水平。心理测量得分与呼吸急促的临床分级、肺功能以及运动的生理反应相关。总体态度得分可根据焦虑和抑郁得分以及相对于年龄和身高的肺功能来预测，情绪得分和第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）的组合可解释总体态度得分中38%的方差。总体态度得分在呼吸急促临床分级的可解释方差中占比超过一半，并且相对于FEV1，其对最大摄氧量方差的贡献更大（R2 = 0.11）。它与日常活动水平相关，但与吸烟类别、喘息、慢性咳嗽或咳痰无关。因此，对残疾的态度反映了受试者对其运动能力的评估，并且与呼吸急促的临床分级密切相关。
