Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Mol Cell. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):918-25. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.031.
Translation is a fundamental biological process by which ribosomes decode genetic information into proteins. The regulation of this process plays a key role in tuning protein levels, allowing cells to respond rapidly to changes in the environment and to synthesize proteins with precise timing and at specific subcellular locations. Despite detailed biochemical and structural insight into the mechanism of protein synthesis, translational dynamics and localization in a cellular context are less well understood. Here, we summarize recent efforts to quantify and visualize translation, focusing on four publications (Morisaki et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016; Yan et al., 2016) describing novel approaches to imaging in real time the synthesis of nascent peptides from individual mRNAs in living cells.
翻译是核糖体将遗传信息解码为蛋白质的基本生物学过程。这个过程的调节在调整蛋白质水平方面起着关键作用，使细胞能够快速响应环境变化，并在特定的亚细胞位置精确地合成蛋白质。尽管对蛋白质合成的机制有详细的生化和结构了解，但在细胞环境中，翻译动力学和定位的理解还不够充分。在这里，我们总结了最近在定量和可视化翻译方面的努力，重点介绍了四篇描述实时成像活细胞中单个 mRNA 新生肽合成的新方法的论文（Morisaki 等人，2016；Wang 等人，2016；Wu 等人，2016；Yan 等人，2016）。
