Lane Alyssa, Nisker Jeff
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London ON.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London ON; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016 Aug;38(8):731-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 May 4.
In 2015 the United Kingdom became the first jurisdiction to approve "mitochondrial replacement techniques" (MRT), thereby dropping prohibitions against creating human embryos with a permanently altered genetic make-up for purposes of reproduction. MRT is a misnomer because in fact it is the nucleus of the oocyte of the woman who wants a genetically related child that is transferred to the enucleated oocyte of a woman paid to undergo IVF to provide the oocyte. MRT thus constitutes nuclear transfer, which is prohibited by criminal sanctions under sections of laws on reproductive cloning in Canada, the United States, Australia, and European countries that regulate assisted reproduction. By adopting policies permitting the use of MRT, the United Kingdom has become the first jurisdiction to counteract an international consensus prohibiting germline modification. Analyses of the legal, ethical, and societal implications of MRT in assisted human reproduction are essential.
2015年，英国成为首个批准“线粒体替换技术”（MRT）的司法管辖区，从而取消了对为生殖目的创造基因组成永久改变的人类胚胎的禁令。MRT是个不恰当的名称，因为实际上，是想要有一个有基因关联孩子的女性的卵母细胞核，被转移到了一位接受体外受精（IVF）付费以提供卵母细胞的女性的去核卵母细胞中。因此，MRT构成了核移植，而在加拿大、美国、澳大利亚以及规范辅助生殖的欧洲国家，关于生殖性克隆的法律条款通过刑事制裁禁止核移植。通过采取允许使用MRT的政策，英国成为首个抵制禁止种系修饰国际共识的司法管辖区。分析MRT在人类辅助生殖中的法律、伦理和社会影响至关重要。
