Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Nov;64(11):2307-2310. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14435. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
To develop an internationally accepted research definition of physical restraint.
Comprehensive literature search followed by a web-based, three-round, modified Delphi technique comprising reviews and feedback.
Clinical care settings.
An international group of 48 experts consisting of researchers and clinicians from 14 countries who have made sustained contribution to research and clinical application in the field of physical restraint in clinical care.
Data were collected using an online survey program and one in-person meeting. Results of the online survey and the in-person meeting were used for distribution in subsequent rounds until consensus on a definition was reached. Consensus was defined as 90% of the participating experts agreeing with the proposed definition of physical restraint.
Thirty-four different definitions were identified during the literature search and served as a starting point for the modified Delphi technique. After three rounds, 45 (95.7%) of 47 remaining experts agreed with the newly proposed definition: "Physical restraint is defined as any action or procedure that prevents a person's free body movement to a position of choice and/or normal access to his/her body by the use of any method, attached or adjacent to a person's body that he/she cannot control or remove easily."
A multidisciplinary, internationally representative panel of experts reached consensus on a research definition for physical restraints in older persons. This is a necessary step toward improved comparisons of the prevalence of physical restraint use across studies and countries. This definition can further guide research interventions aimed at reducing use of physical restraints.
制定一个国际认可的身体约束研究定义。
全面的文献检索，随后进行基于网络的三轮改良 Delphi 技术，包括审查和反馈。
临床护理环境。
一个由 48 名专家组成的国际小组，包括来自 14 个国家的研究人员和临床医生，他们在临床护理中身体约束的研究和临床应用方面做出了持续的贡献。
使用在线调查程序和一次现场会议收集数据。在线调查和现场会议的结果用于分发到后续轮次，直到达成身体约束的定义共识。共识定义为 90%的参与专家同意拟议的身体约束定义。
在文献检索过程中确定了 34 个不同的定义，作为改良 Delphi 技术的起点。经过三轮，47 名剩余专家中的 45 名（95.7%）同意新提出的定义：“身体约束定义为通过使用任何方法，防止一个人的自由身体移动到其选择的位置和/或正常接近其身体，而该方法附属于或邻近人的身体，使其无法轻易控制或移除。”
一个多学科、具有国际代表性的专家小组就老年人身体约束的研究定义达成共识。这是改善跨研究和国家比较身体约束使用流行率的必要步骤。这个定义可以进一步指导旨在减少身体约束使用的研究干预措施。
